<p>Nobbys Head  is a headland located on the southern entrance to Newcastle Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. The headland is situated above the Hunter River and the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Originally called Coal Island, and then later Nobbys Island, the Island was connected to the mainland at first by the Macquarie Pier, completed in 1846, 38 years after commencement. The pier was eventually replaced by a breakwater. Sand accumulate along the breakwall to make Nobby&#39;s beach, and the sand and plants makes the isthmus appear natural.</p><br>
<p>The rock of the original island has significant tunnelling, which was completed during the 1850s using convict labour, with the aim of destroying the island.</p><br>
<p>Nobbys Head Lighthouse is located on the headland. The lighthouse is the third lighthouse built in New South Wales after the Macquarie Lighthouse in 1818 and the Hornby Lighthouse which was also built in 1858. The lighthouse is included in Newcastle&#39;s coat of arms.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>Nobbys Head was first sighted by Europeans on 10 May 1770 by Captain James Cook from the ship Endeavour and was described by Cook as:"A small round rock or Island, laying close under the land, bore South 82 degrees West, distance 3 or 4 Leagues".</p><br>
<p>It was not until the discovery of coal by Lt. John Shortland in 1797, that the island was viewed as having any significance. In 1804, Signal Head was the first place in Newcastle that any form of navigational aid was established. Originally a coal burning light, it was changed over to oil in 1821 for a short period of time but was reverted to coal as the oil system was not reliable.</p><br>
<p>Governor Macquarie ordered a pier to be built to join Coal island to Collier Point. The pier was started on 5 August 1818 and convict labour was used to do the construction. It took 38 years to complete the pier and during this time numerous convicts were lost to the sea due to the convicts having to work through all sea and weather conditions, night and day.</p><br>
<p>Nobbys Head was thought to have been originally 62 m high, however work done by the Coal River Working Party in 2010 has concluded that the original height was more likely 43 m high. It was reduced to its current 27.5 m height because sailing ships were losing wind in the sails as they rounded Nobbys Head. The rock taken from Nobbys to reduce its height was used in the pier&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 it was reported that the NSW Government was examining the transfer of management of the headland from Newcastle Port Corporation to the Land Property Management Authority for potential incorporation in a national park or reserve.</p><br>
<p>Mount Arthur is a mountain in the northern region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of 1,188 m above sea level, the mountain is located north-east of Launceston, near the town of Lilydale.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>Mount Arthur had been called Row Tor in the 1800s, although this name also applies on maps to nearby Mount Barrow.</p><br>
<p>Later maps of the north-east show Row Tor as occupying the present day location of Mount Arthur.</p><br>
<p>Row Tor is a homonym of Rough Tor, named for the eponymous mountain in Cornwall, England and not in reference to the mountain&#39;s shape, as is commonly supposed.</p><br>
<p>The first reference to Mount Arthur (in north-east Tasmania) in the news appears in 1834, yet references to the same mountain as Row Tor continue into the latter half of the century.</p><br>
<p>Mt Arthur is named for Lt-Governor Arthur, the chief administrator of Tasmania from 1823 and 1837.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The summit cairn was built in the late 1800s as a survey marker for north-east Tasmania.</p><br>
<p>The area around the mountain was an important timber district early in Tasmanian colonial settlement.</p><br>
<p>From 1879, the Lisle valley, on the northern aspect of Mount Arthur, was the centre of gold mining and for twenty years the town of Lisle was a thriving commercial centre. The town no longer exists apart from the remains of the town cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Due to its close proximity to Launceston its summit is home to a large number of radio towers. WayFM (105.3 and 98.1), Launceston, and Northern Tasmania&#39;s Christian community radio station, have their tower on Mount Arthur. It is also a popular destination for hikers.</p><br>
<p>In addition to this peak, there are two further minor peaks in Tasmania, also called Mount Arthur. One is located near Port Arthur; and the other is located near.</p><br>
<p>The Ironstone Mountain is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. Part of Great Western Tiers escarpment, the mountain is situated south of the small country village of Mole Creek.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 1,444 m above sea level, and has a nearby companion lake, Lake Ironstone. The highest point is marked with a trig point, but more dominant is the slightly lower part of the mountain depicted here in the information box.</p><br>
<h2>Location and access</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is at grid reference 563819 UTM Zone 55S (Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system) and high resolution topographical information is available on Tasmap Lake Mackenzie (4438) 1:25000.</p><br>
<p>Access to Ironstone Mountain is mainly from two walking tracks. The closest access is from the north via Mole Creek, Caveside and Westrope Road to the Western Creek Track which follows the eastern side of the gully formed by Western Creek. Another access route is from the east via Deloraine, Meander, Smoko Road and the Mount Ironstone Track. This track starts 2 km south of Mother Cummings Peak, another dominant landmark in the region.</p><br>
<p>The Beaufort River is a river in the South West of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The river was named in 1835 by John Septimus Roe, Surveyor General of Western Australia, after a friend Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort who was Hydrographer of the Navy from 1829-1855.</p><br>
<p>The rivers has its headwaters west of Woodanilling near Melbourne Vale and flows in a westerly direction until it flows into the Arthur River near Duranillin. The Arthur River is a tributary of the Blackwood River.</p><br>
<p>The only tributary of the river is the 7.5 km Beaufort River East that joins the main river just east of where it crosses Albany Highway.</p><br>
<p>The rivers catchment falls within the Blackwood catchments Beaufort zone as part of the Beaufort system. The system is composed of broad valley floors with a grey sandy duplex and was previously a wandoo sheoak woodland but has now mostly been cleared for agriculture.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Middletown, New York, United States is one of the most visible landmarks of that city&#39;s downtown skyline. Its spire rises higher than any other church or structure in the central neighborhoods of the city. Constructed in 1872, this is the third church built by this congregation.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1785, after the American Revolutionary War, by migrants who came from New England. The first church was built before residents had even named their settlement of houses and farms. It has been argued that the formation of the church at that time marks the beginning of Middletown&#39;s existence as a village. For 40 years it was the only church in the area. The current Gothic Revival building was designed by noted architect Isaac G. Perry and reflects the ambitions of the prosperous residents of the town of that period.</p><br>
<p>The Sumpter Valley Gold Dredge is a historic gold dredge located in Sumpter, in the USA state of Oregon. Gold was discovered in Sumpter in 1862. Three gold dredges were put into service in the Sumpter Valley district between 1912 and 1934.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A gold dredge works by having large buckets that pull the gold-bearing earth up into its machinery to be processed, keeping the gold and spewing the waste (known as "tailings") out the back by way of a stacker. Built on a shallow hull, these dredges did not need a lot of water to operate, as they moved their pond of water with them.</p><br>
<p>The internal mechanics were not very sophisticated—they duplicated, on a larger scale, many of the devices used by placer mining throughout the gold rush, such as the gold pan and the sluice box. In essence, the dirt that was dug by the large electrically powered buckets was sifted and sorted, and the remainder was washed over a series of riffles allowing the gold to settle and be trapped. The primary advantages that made the dredge more efficient than other methods were the volume of earth it could process and having its own water supply. The dredge that was built in Sumpter Valley could dig over 20 buckets per minute, consuming more than seven yards of earth each minute.</p><br>
<p>The Sumpter Valley Gold Dredge required a three-man crew to operate the machinery and 17 more workers to complete the crew for maintenance, bookkeeping, surveying, truck driving, managing and a few other roles. The dredge operated 363 days a year; most of the men were given the Fourth of July and Christmas day off from work. One or two men had to stay on board to watch over the machine during the evenings. Dredge workers often reported hearing the ghost of Joe Bush "Haunting" the dredge when the dredge was not operating due to closure or repair.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Three dredges worked the valley from 1913 to 1954. Sumpter No. 3 was built substantially from parts of the first dredge, which had been idle for 10 years. Between them, the dredges traveled more than 8 mi, extracting $10 to 12 million worth of gold. Still, it cost more to run than the gold could pay for. The last dredge closed in 1954, more than $100,000 in debt. In its lifetime this dredge made $4.5 million at $35 per troy ounce. That is 128,570 troy ounces which, at the recent value of $1,400.00 per ounce, would be worth $180,000,000.</p><br>
<p>The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department has preserved this historic area as the Sumpter Valley Dredge State Heritage Area. The park includes the Gold Dredge Gift Store and Museum, with a video featuring interviews with dredge workers, historic photos and artifacts. Tours of the dredge are provided. The dredge was part of a paranormal investigation on the 2013 television series Ghost Mine.</p><br>
<p>Gardiner is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Douglas County, Oregon, United States, across the Umpqua River from Reedsport. It is located on USA Route 101. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 248.</p><br>
<p>Gardiner is named for a Boston merchant whose ship, the Bostonian, shipwrecked at the mouth of the Umpqua on October 1, 1850. Gardiner was seeking to trade along the river, and most of his goods were saved from the ship and moved to the location that came to be the town of Gardiner. In 1851, the site became the headquarters of the Umpqua customs district, and a post office named "Gardiners City" was established the same year. The name of the post office changed to "Gardiner City" and eventually to its current name.</p><br>
<p>The Gardiner Historic District, which encompasses nearly all of Gardiner, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994. Several steamboats were constructed at Gardiner for trade up the Umpqua River.</p><br>
<p>A plywood plant opened in Gardiner in 1954, joining the lumber mill (or sawmill) that had been in the town for many years.</p><br>
<p>Gardiner was formerly the site of the first International Paper mill on the West Coast. The paper mill operated from 1963 until 1999, and was one of the largest employers on the southern Oregon Coast. The mill buildings were demolished in 2006.</p><br>
<p>A railroad, the Longview, Portland & Northern (LP&N), served the IP mill until it closed. The railroad runs from East Gardiner Junction to the old plant site.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 &deg;F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Gardiner has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Kathryn Clarke, politician</p><br>
<p>Alan L. Hart</p><br>
<p>Bill Warren, film historian</p><br>
<p>The Sumner Elementary School in Topeka, Kansas was involved in the Brown v. Board of Education case of Topeka in 1954. Linda Browns attempted enrollment to the Sumner School was rejected by the Topeka Board of Education, thus forcing her to attend the all-black Monroe School, which was farther away from her home. Oliver Brown, Lindas father, then joined the class action lawsuit against the Topeka Board of Education that was eventually heard before the Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>The Sumner Elementary School is currently a National Historic Landmark listed with the United States Department of the Interior. It was constructed in 1936 as a part of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, a New Deal program. The school was designed in the Art Deco style by Thomas W. Williamson, and has an unusual amount of stone detailing. Because of the quality of the original construction, it retains many of its original features, including light and bathroom fixtures, clocks, carved woodwork and a marble-rimmed fireplace in the kindergarten.</p><br>
<p>Monroe Elementary School, the segregated school that Linda Brown had been attending, closed in 1975 and was held privately for a number of years before being purchased in 1991 by The Trust for Public Land and added to Sumner&#39;s listing on the National Register. Because Sumner was still in use at the time for classes and Monroe was not, Monroe was selected on October 26, 1992 to house the Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site, the official commemorative location operated for the public by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1996. Ironically, it was one of eight schools closed as part of a local desegregation plan to satisfy the original Brown case which was re-opened in the 1980s and not closed until 1999. The building was initially purchased by the Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library, which used it as a storage facility. The City of Topeka purchased the building from the library in 2002, hoping to rehabilitate it, but city was unable to allocate the necessary funds. The city then tried to sell the property, but found no buyers; it even considered demolishing the building, which had fallen into serious neglect and had suffered vandalism. As a consequence, in May 2008, The National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the building on their list of America&#39;s Most Endangered Places.</p><br>
<p>The city chose to auction the building to the public in January 2009. Hearing of the sale and recognizing the significant to the Civil Rights movement, Rev. W. R. Portee, minister of a nondenominational Christian church based in Los Angeles, purchased the building using the umbrella organization True Foundation World Outreach Ministries in April 2009 for $89,000. The organization plans to renovate the building and open it to the public as a community center and human rights memorial. The estimated renovation costs are $7 million.</p><br>
<p>Canfield Casino and Congress Park is a 17 acre site in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. It was the site of the former Congress Spring Bottling Plant and the former Congress Hall, a large resort hotel, which together brought Saratoga Springs international fame as a health spa and gambling site. At the peak of its popularity it was a place where the wealthy, major gamblers and stars of the entertainment world mingled. The park&#39;s artwork includes a statue by Daniel Chester French and a landscape design by Frederick Law Olmsted, among others.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987 after having originally been submitted and listed as the Casino-Congress Park-Circular Street Historic District in 1972. The later listing excluded some of the property outside the park and halved the overall size of the district.</p><br>
<p>Congress Park is currently operated by the City of Saratoga Springs as a park, bounded by Broadway, Spring Street, and Circular Street in Saratoga Springs. The Canfield Casino building, built in 1870, houses the Saratoga Springs History Museum. Gambling was ended by reformers in 1907.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district boundaries are curved and irregular, generally following those of the park itself. It is bordered by Spring Street on the north and Circular Street (both part of NY 9P), down to its intersection with Park Place. It follows the 300 ft elevation contour line on the west, excluding some of the buildings on Broadway (US 9/NY 50) southwest of the park and then joins Broadway south of Union Avenue, back to its northwest corner at Spring Street.</p><br>
<p>The original historic district included some houses on Circular and Spring streets and Whitney Place. Their removal from it made the district about 16 acre smaller</p><br>
<p>A short, narrow street, named East Congress Street (because it extends Congress Street from Broadway on), runs across the park from east to west. There are parking spaces along both sides. Stone walls set off the park from the nearby street. The section north of the road is dominated by the casino and parkland around it, the section to the south is primarily hilly parkland.</p><br>
<p>This area is a buffer between the developed commercial areas at the south end of downtown Saratoga Springs, and the residential neighborhoods on the east and west. Many of the surrounding areas are also included in the city&#39;s other historic districts. The Broadway Historic District is just to the north, with the East and West Side districts on either side. Union Avenue is also a historic district out to the racetrack.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The two major historical resources on the property are the casino and the park. The former is the only surviving building from the resort era; the latter has many notable art objects in addition to its landscaping.</p><br>
<h3>Casino</h3><br>
<p>The casino&#39;s main block is a three-story building faced in brick on an exposed basement. It is topped by a flat roof, bordered by an ornate bracketed cornice. On the south (front) facade the brick around the doorway and at the corners is laid to look like rusticated stone. A belt course divides the first two floors.</p><br>
<p>All three stories have sandstone window trim with a different treatment — segmented pediments on the first, triangular ones on the second and rectangular on the third. A free-standing segmental pediment distinguishes the roofline on the front center as well.</p><br>
<p>The east wing, used for gambling when the casino was constructed, is a two-story, three-by-five-bay structure with front windows one and a half stories high. It has a similar window treatment to the first story of the main block, and a more elaborate cornice, also with central segmented pediment.</p><br>
<p>To the north is the dining room and kitchen wing, a 93 by steel frame brick structure. At either end are stained glass windows depicting horses in different historical periods.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the entrance opens onto a central hall with staircase. The office and library are on the west. To the east the original dining room opens onto the gambling room. Private gambling rooms were upstairs, and living quarters on the third floor.</p><br>
<p>The gambling room has many of its original interior details, including mirrors and statuettes. The dining room roof is of riveted arches supported on columns. Its barrel vaulting has octagonal coffers. The parquet flooring is original, and the early air conditioning system of wall vents and the open coffer windows still works.</p><br>
<h3>Park</h3><br>
<p>The basin-shaped park contains Grecian pavilions around the springs, Italian gardens, groves of trees and lawns. A Doric columned pavilion has been built over the site of the original Congress Spring, with water piped in from another spring. To its west is the Columbian Spring tapped by Gideon Putnam, the founder of Saratoga Springs, restored in 1983 and topped with a similarly Greek-inspired domed pavilion. The Congress 3 spring to the south was bottled and distributed worldwide in the 19th century, and the Freshwater Spring is still popular with city residents.</p><br>
<p>The water from the springs has been channeled into streams and fountains. One surrounds The Spirit of Life, a statue by Daniel Chester French memorializing Spencer Trask, a great benefactor of the Saratoga area who founded the Yaddo writers&#39; colony. It sits on the south side of the large lagoon in the park. Two vases, Night and Day, by Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, are positioned on the lawn in front of the casino.</p><br>
<p>On the north side of the park, just inside the entrance off the intersection of Spring and Putnam streets, is a carousel which has roots extending back to Coney Island where it was carved in 1904 by Marcus Charles Illions, a Russian-born woodcarver.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Congress Spring was named in 1792 when it was visited by a group that included two members of the newly established USA Congress. A decade later, in 1803, an entrepreneur named Gideon Putnam bought the acre (2,000 m²) around the spring and built a hotel for guests, in what was still a largely unsettled frontier. Two years later he bought the 130 acre around the original acre and laid out plans for the town of Saratoga Springs.</p><br>
<p>This led to two enlargements of the hotel. He died in 1812 while yet another was underway. The new town competed with nearby Ballston Spa and other spa towns in Pennsylvania and Virginia for visitors. It was at an early disadvantage since one of the first temperance societies in the country had been established in Saratoga Springs, and not only alcohol but gambling and dancing were at first forbidden in the town.</p><br>
<p>Those bans were gradually relaxed to attract more resort business, and by 1820 were effectively repealed. John Clarke, who had run the first soda fountain in New York City, moved up to Saratoga a few years after that and bought the spring property. He began to bottle and sell Saratoga water, promoting the iodine he had discovered in the water as a curative. This success allowed him to improve the site and create the crescent-shaped lawn, as well as drain some of the swampy areas.</p><br>
<p>By the middle of the century the city and the hotel were one of the country&#39;s most popular resorts, due to railroad access. It lost some business during the Civil War when some of its Southern guests could not visit, but during that time former heavyweight boxing champion John Morrissey opened the Saratoga Race Course, giving the city another major tourist attraction. After the war, in 1866, he opened the first part of the Casino.</p><br>
<p>He was elected to Congress himself that year, as a Democrat from New York City&#39;s Tammany Hall political machine. He was well-connected, acquainted with tycoons of the era like Jay Gould, William R. Travers and Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, who were among his partners in the hotel and racetrack. They gave both a reputation for wealthy and fashionable guests that it continued to enjoy long afterwards. In 1876 he got Frederick Law Olmsted and Jacob Weidenmann to do some work on the park landscape.</p><br>
<p>After his death in 1878, ownership passed to Albert Spencer and Charles Reed. In 1883, Richard Albert Canfield took a partnership in the Saratoga Clubhouse and bought it outright the following year for $250,000. Canfield invested an estimated $800,000 in enhancing the building and the grounds of Congress Park to bring them up to the standards of the top European establishments. In 1902-3, he added a sumptuous dining room to the back of the Clubhouse fitting it with stained glass windows and an early form of air conditioning. He ordered marble statuary for the Italian gardens in the northeast corner of Congress Park. The elegant atmosphere made the cream of society feel welcome to bet their money on the Clubhouses’s many games of chance. Canfield was recognized as the King of the Gamblers; Saratoga Springs was seen as the American Monte Carlo. In Saratoga Springs, he kept the Clubhouse going until 1907. The clientele during this period included not only members of wealthy families like the Whitneys, Vanderbilts and J. P. Morgans, but gambling legends like Diamond Jim Brady and John Warne "Bet-a-Million" Gates, and prominent entertainers like Gates girlfriend Lillian Russell and impresario Florenz Ziegfeld.</p><br>
<p>This socially distinctive era, regarded as the city&#39;s golden age, ended in 1907 when reformers succeeded in banning gambling in the city. Canfield retired and sold the hotel and grounds to the city four years later, in 1911. The Pure Food and Drug Act hurt sales of bottled Saratoga Water, and the year after buying from Canfield, the city bought the Congress Hall hotel and bottling plant and demolished them.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, the present park was created. Henry Bacon and Charles Leavitt were hired to do further work on its landscape.</p><br>
<p>Manitoga was the estate and modernist home of industrial designer Russel Wright . It is located along New York State Route 9D south of Garrison, New York , a short distance north of the Bear Mountain Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Wright named his masterful synthesis of architecture and nature Manitoga after Algonquin words meaning "place of great spirit". Today, the home, studio and surrounding woodland garden uniquely convey Wright&#39;s enduring ideas about good design and living in harmony with nature.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. In 2006 the Department of the Interior designated it a National Historic Landmark, the only one to date in Putnam County. Manitoga is a member of the National Trusts Historic Artists Homes and Studios program and a 2012 World Monuments Watch Site. It is one of the few modern homes open to the public in New York State.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wright and his wife Mary acquired the property in 1942. The 75 acre had been devastated by previous logging and quarrying, common in the Hudson Highlands in the early 20th century. The couple designed the property with sustainability in mind, a concept not widely applied at the time. In his reclamation efforts, Wright redirected a mountain stream and designed a 30 ft multi-level waterfall to transform an abandoned quarry pit into an enchanting swimming pond. In addition to trees, streams, boulders, moss and native plants, his woodland landscape design incorporated stone steps, terraces and bridges.</p><br>
<p>Following Mary&#39;s death in 1952, Wright built his experimental home and studio directly into the rock ledge of the quarry. The structures have green roofs, built-in elements and expansive walls of glass, offering dramatic views of the waterfall and surrounding landscape. Their design recalls Japanese temple architecture and an Asian sensibility in handcrafted details and in their deference to nature.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Manitoga includes 4 mi of walking trails that Wright designed, with numerous plantings. The trails connect with the Appalachian Trail alongside the neighboring ridge of Canada Hill in Hudson Highlands State Park via the Osborne Loop. The outer trails are open to the public daily until sunset for a suggested donation. Guided House Studio and Landscape Tours of Manitoga - are offered May through early November Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and Mondays at 11am and 1:30pm by. Tours are limited to 12 participants. Other tour choices include Artist-Led Tours, Extended Tours, with 2 hours on site following the tour itself for drawing, painting, photography or just appreciating the site, and Sunset Tours with cocktails.</p><br>
<p>Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead, located at 1669 E. 22nd Street in Madison, Brooklyn, New York, is a National Historic Landmark. It is believed to have been built before 1766. During the American Revolution, it housed Hessian soldiers, two of whom, Captain Toepfer of the Ditfourth regiment and Lieut. M. Bach of the Hessen-Hanau Artillerie, scratched their names and units into windowpanes.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is part of the Revolutionary War Heritage Trail.</p><br>
<p>According to an embroidered needlepoint artwork currently on display in the main home building, it was owned and occupied by the Wyckoff Family from 1776 to 1835. The Bennett family owned and occupied it from 1835 to 1983, and the Mont family has owned and occupied it since 1983.</p><br>
<p>From Wyckoff Bennett Mont House placard (in front of house, next to sidewalk, inside</p><br>
<p>fence):</p><br>
<p>"This Dutch-American farmhouse is a quiet reminder that the Battle of Brooklyn, one of</p><br>
<p>the biggest conflicts of the Revolutionary War, took place when Kings County was still</p><br>
<p>mostly farm country. The county boasted fewer than 4,000 inhabitants, one third of whom</p><br>
<p>were slaves working on and owned by families descended from 17th-century Dutch</p><br>
<p>immigrants.</p><br>
<p>Hendrick Wyckoff built the house in 1766. The site he chose lay along Kings Highway,</p><br>
<p>then the county&#39;s main east-west artery. After the British invasion in 1776, Hessian</p><br>
<p>soldiers were quartered here. Several of them left their mark by etching their names and</p><br>
<p>rank on window panes among them Toepfer Captain Regt. De Ditrurth and "M. Bach</p><br>
<p>Lieutenant V. Hessen Hanau Artillerie&#39;s". When the Battle of Brooklyn began on August</p><br>
<p>27, 1776, these men may well have taken part in the attack that drove American defenders</p><br>
<p>from the Battle Pass, in what is now Prospect Park, and nearly destroyed the army under</p><br>
<p>command of George Washington."</p><br>
<p>The property is one of the last privately owned Dutch Colonial houses in New York City. Starting sometime around the year 2000 the City of New York planned to buy the house and land from its present owners, Annette and Stuart Mont, who would have remained on the property rent-free but those plans have since fallen through.</p><br>
<p>The Louisville and Nashville Depot is an historic Louisville and Nashville Railroad depot located at 206 Henry Street in Milton, Santa Rosa County, Florida. It was built in 1909 on the site of the former Pensacola and Atlantic Depot built in 1882 which burned down in 1907. In 1973, the station was closed, but partially restored with a 1976 Bicentennial grant.</p><br>
<p>On October 29, 1982, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. In 1989, the depot was listed in A Guide to Florida&#39;s Historic Architecture.</p><br>
<p>Today the building is owned by the Santa Rosa Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>West Florida Railroad Museum</h2><br>
<p>The West Florida Railroad Museum opened in the depot in 1989, and contains a collection of preserved railroad cars and railroad memorabilia from the L & N Railroad, Frisco Railroad and other railroads. The type of railroad car displays include two dining cars, two former Pullman Company sleeper cars that were renovated into L&N baggage-dormitory cars, two caboose cars, a boxcar and a flatcar. The museum also features a bridge tender&#39;s house from the Escambia Bay trestle bridge, and a section shed with motor car.</p><br>
<p>The museum sponsors two model railroad clubs: The West Florida Model Railroad Club, and The Emerald Coast Garden Railway Club.</p><br>
<p>Glassell Park Elementary School is an elementary school listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located at 2211 W. Avenue 30, in the Glassell Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is a PK-6 active school. The principal is Ms. Jumie Sugahara.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1924 in Spanish Colonial Revival style. Following the 1933 Long Beach earthquake it was updated in P.W.A. Moderne architecture to make repairs and to meet new earthquake-related building codes.</p><br>
<p>The school&#39;s main presentation to the public is its long, south-facing facade along W. Avenue 30 of length 190 ft. Its 100 ft building frontage on Carlyle Street is less visible.</p><br>
<p>The property was deemed notable partly in the area of social history.</p><br>
<p>Only the 1924/35 school building and its portion of grounds were deemed to be contributing resources. Modular classrooms, playground areas, and a 1951-built cafeteria were considered intrusions that do not add to the historic character of the property.</p><br>
<p>The University Hall  at Brown University is the first and oldest building on campus located in Providence, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1770, it was originally known as the College Edifice. The building was constructed on a piece of land that had belonged to the original Brown family ancestor and co-founder of Providence, Chad Brown (c. 1600–1650).</p><br>
<p>On February 17, 1770 the building committee in charge of the construction of the building placed a notice in the Providence Gazette asking for donations of timber and other materials. Prominent Newport merchant Aaron Lopez donated timber to the effort. On March 27, 1770, Solomon Drowne of Brown&#39;s class of 1773 wrote in his diary: "This day they began to dig the Cellar for the College." Nicholas Brown, Sr. and Company led the construction of the building and his family donated the land. Morgan Edwards, described the location as "Commanding a prospect of... an extensive country, variegated with hills and dales, woods, and plains," and was further inspired to write, "Surely, this spot was made for a seat for the Muses."</p><br>
<p>Under the presidency of the Reverend James Manning, the building was used to house French and other revolutionary troops led by General George Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau during the wait to commence the celebrated march of 1781 that led to the Siege of Yorktown and the Battle of the Chesapeake.</p><br>
<p>Following the departure of the French troops, President Manning petitioned the Rhode Island General Assembly as follows:</p><br>
<p>"That the College edifice was first taken in December, 1776, for the use of barracks and a hospital for the American troops, and retained for that use until the Fall before the arrival of his most Christian Majesty&#39;s fleets and armies in this State; – that, by our direction, the President resumed the course of education in said College, and took possession of the edifice on the 10th of May, 1780; and continued so to occupy it until the authority of this State, in a short time after, granted it to the French army as an hospital, who continued to hold and use it for said purpose until the last week, when the Commissary of War of the French army delivered it up, with the keys, to his Honor the Deputy Governor; they having previously permitted the officers of the French ships in this State to place their sick in it, who still continue there; – that the building was in good repair, and occupied by upwards of thirty students when first taken for the public service; – that great injury hath been done to every part of it since taken out of the hands of the Corporation; especially by two buildings adjoining it, one an house of offal at the north end, with a vault fifteen feet deep under it, having broken down the wall of the College to facilitate the passage of the invalids from the edifice into it; from which addition the intolerable stench renders all the northern part uninhabitable; and the other an horse stable, built from the east projection to the north end, by which the house is greatly weakened; many of the windows are also taken entirely out of the house, and others so broken, as well as the slate on the roof, that the storms naturally beat into it...."</p><br>
<p>On May 11, 1927, a tablet placed on University Hall was dedicated to the memory of General Nathanael Greene, who had received an honorary degree from Brown in 1776, by the First Light Infantry Regiment of Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>During early 20th-century renovations, when the modern cupola was removed, remnants of the eight-sided original cupola were revealed, with the names of two former students and their classes, "Amos Hopkins 1792" and "Henry D&#39;Wolfe 1803," carved on one of its uprights.</p><br>
<p>At the rededication of University Hall on May 4, 1940, French ambassador Comte René Doynel de Saint-Quentin and Princeton president Harold W. Dodds took part in the ceremonies recalling the University&#39;s early associations with France and Princeton.</p><br>
<p>The building has been used for many different purposes at the University over the years. It currently houses the office for the president of Brown on the first floor, facing the middle campus in space first occupied by the Commons, along with other administrative offices. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, recognizing it as an excellent example of 18th-century academic architecture, and as key place in the life of educator Horace Mann (1796–1859), who graduated from Brown in 1819 and taught there until 1821, before embarking on a career of educational reform.</p><br>
<p>Center for the Arts Eagle Rock, formerly known as the Eagle Rock Branch Library and the Eagle Rock Community Cultural Center, is a historic Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival style building in Eagle Rock, in north-central Los Angeles County, California.</p><br>
<h2>Library</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1915 as a Carnegie library, named the Eagle Rock Carnegie Library. It was rebuilt in 1927, and then became the Eagle Rock Branch Library in the Los Angeles Public Library system. The library was closed in 1981 when a larger accessible facility opened.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1997 the Cultural Affairs Department established The Eagle Rock Community Cultural Center (ERCCC) to provide cultural events to the community. The Eagle Rock Community Cultural Association soon began doing business as Center for the Arts Eagle Rock (CFAER), located at the corner of Colorado Boulevard and Rockland, one block west of Eagle Rock Boulevard, in the Eagle Rock district of Los Angeles.</p><br>
<p>The building was declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument on 6/18/1985. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Harner Homestead , is a historic home outside Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Overivew</h2><br>
<p>Located at 1818 Listravia, in the Sabraton area, east of Morgantown, it served as the home of Philip William Harner, blacksmith and farmer. In 1983, Nancy Moore and Deloras Fleming, two women from the History Department of West Virginia University compiled information and submitted documentation to place the Old Harner Homestead on the National Register of Historic Places. The form gives highly detailed information about the exterior and interior of the home, i.e. the woodwork, porches, cabinets, and chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The main section of the building was built about 1852 and is one of the oldest houses in the Morgantown area. Architecturally, it is an excellent example of an I-house with an ell in the back. The two story front porch is a common feature in the I-house. It is not known when the ell was added, but it is believed that it was built by Phillip William Harner as he had a large family of nine children who are listed on various census reports.</p><br>
<p>According to the Monongalia County tax records, there is some indication that there was a smaller house on the land when Philip Harner bought it in 1850. Following the trail of early tax records the land was called the Costolo Place; a Samuel Costolo had owned it in 1839 then sold it to James Johnson who sold it to Caleb Dorsey. Dorsey sold it to Harner in 1859. The Harners farmed the land. Much of the Harner property was divided among his sons before his death, but provisions for his wife and the house is mentioned in his will.</p><br>
<p>Philip Harner was taxed for a building assessed for $200 in the tax year 1851. The following year, a notation on the tax record states that $2000 was added for the buildings. The farm consistently appeared on the tax records as being located two miles (3 km) east of the courthouse. Many other Harner names appear on the deeds and old maps for this part of the county.</p><br>
<p>Philip and Sarah Harner sold the house and 111 7/8 acres on August 14, 1888 to their son, William T.(Taylor)Harner for $3356.25. The deed includes personal considerations for the elder Harners until their deaths: the use of five rooms, the garden and two cows. William and Nancy Harner sold approximately 100 acre to George Sturgiss for $20,000 on July 10, 1902. Harner asked that he and his family be able to live in the house until November, 1902, presumably until the house he was building next door was finished. William kept 1 acre directly adjacent to the family house and shortly after 1902 built several houses. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 12, 1984.</p><br>
<p>West Laurel Hill Cemetery is a cemetery located in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the site of many notable burials, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992 . West Laurel Hill was designed as a rural cemetery and is a "sister" institution to the Laurel Hill Cemetery nearby in Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>West Laurel Hill was the first cemetery to ever map its entire grounds on a smart phone device, enabling visitors to search and navigate to grave locations, and "access photos, video, text and other information." Visitors can also use the app to navigate through tours of the cemetery and visit the grave sites of interesting and famous persons.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Green Adams (1812–1884), represented from 1847–1849 and from 1859-1861.</p><br>
<p>David Hayes Agnew (1818–1892), noted surgeon. Attended President James Garfield&#39;s gunshot wound.</p><br>
<p>Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander (1898-1989), first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Hobey Baker (1892-1918), namesake of USA college hockey&#39;s outstanding player award and only member of both the College Football and Hockey Halls of Fame.</p><br>
<p>John Cromwell Bell (1892–1974), governor of Pennsylvania for three weeks in 1947.</p><br>
<p>Frank Bettger (1888-1981), Major League baseball infielder for the St. Louis Cardinals.</p><br>
<p>Richard Binder (1839–1912) US Marine Corps sergeant on the USS Ticonderoga during the Civil War and recipient of the Medal of Honor.</p><br>
<p>Caroline G. Boughton (1854-1905), educator and philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>Catherine Drinker Bowen (1897–1973), biographer.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Markley Boyer (1823–1887), represented from 1865 to 1869.</p><br>
<p>Edward G. Budd (1870-1946), founder of the Budd Company.</p><br>
<p>Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis (1850–1933), founder of the Curtis Publishing Company, publisher of the Ladies&#39; Home Journal and the Saturday Evening Post.</p><br>
<p>Loren Eiseley (1907–1977), anthropologist.</p><br>
<p>Jacob Augustus Geissenhainer (1839–1917), represented New Jersey&#39;s 3rd congressional district from 1889 to 1895.</p><br>
<p>Robert Cooper Grier (1794-1870) Associate Justice of The United States Supreme Court (1846-1870).</p><br>
<p>Alfred C. Harmer (1825–1900), represented from 1871 to 1875, and from 1877 until his death in 1900.</p><br>
<p>Herman Haupt (1817–1905), Union Army General and engineer.</p><br>
<p>Anna Jarvis (1864–1948), originator of Mother&#39;s Day who then spent most of her life fighting its commercialization.</p><br>
<p>Eldridge R. Johnson (1867-1945), Co-created the Victor Talking Machine Company.</p><br>
<p>John Lawrence LeConte (1825-1883), 19th century American naturalist and entomologist after whom two birds are named.</p><br>
<p>Hy Lit (Hyman Aaron Lit) (1934–2007), legendary Philadelphia radio & TV broadcaster.</p><br>
<p>Robert M. McBride (1879–1970) publisher and defendant in the obscentiy prosecution of novelist James Branch Cabell</p><br>
<p>Samuel K. McConnell, Jr. (1901–1985), represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives from 1944 to 1957.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Pabst (1826&ndash;1910), cabinetmaker</p><br>
<p>Teddy Pendergrass (1950–2010), soul and R&B singer</p><br>
<p>John Reilly (1836–1904), represented from 1875 to 1877.</p><br>
<p>Jack Rose (1971–2009), American musician noted for his exploration of experimental and traditional acoustic guitar styles.</p><br>
<p>Coleman Sellers II (1827–1907), prominent engineer and inventor.</p><br>
<p>Rachel H. Shoemaker (1838-1915), founder of the National School of Elocution and Oratory in Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Simpson (1811–1884), a notable Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>David Smyrl (1935–2016), actor and writer, known for his role of Mr. Handford (Hooper&#39;s Store) on Sesame Street</p><br>
<p>John Batterson Stetson (1830–1906), famous American hat manufacturer and founder of the John B. Stetson Company; namesake of Stetson University in Florida.</p><br>
<p>Edwin Sydney Stuart (1853–1937), Mayor of Philadelphia from 1891 to 1895 and Governor of Pennsylvania from 1907 to 1911.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915), mechanical and industrial engineer, management consultant, and "father of scientific management".</p><br>
<p>Joseph Earlston Thropp (1847–1927), member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>William Scott Vare (December 24, 1867 – August 7, 1934), was an American construction contractor and Republican Party politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</p><br>
<p>Charles F. Warwick, (1852-1913) mayor of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Grover Washington, Jr. (1943-1999), musician</p><br>
<p>George Austin Welsh (1878–1970), represented from 1923 to 1932.</p><br>
<p>Joseph E. Widener (1871–1943), thoroughbred owner/breeder</p><br>
<p>Harry Wright (1835-1895), pioneer of professional baseball, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame</p><br>
<p>Charlotte Wardle Cardeza (née Drake) (1854-1939), wealthy socialite and survivor of the RMS Titanic sinking.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the season 7 episode of Mad Men "The Milk and Honey Route" character Betty Hofstadt-Francis tells her daughter that she wants to be buried in the Hofstadt family plot in West Laurel Hill Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Bluff Hall is a historic residence in Demopolis, Alabama, United States. The original portion of the house is in the Federal style with later additions that altered it to the Greek Revival style. It was documented as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1936, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1832 by Allen Glover for his daughter, Sarah Serena Glover, and her husband, Francis Strother Lyon. The Lyons used Bluff Hall as a townhouse; they also owned several outlying plantations. Bluff Hall was one of several homes built atop a limestone cliff overlooking the Tombigbee River, known as White Bluff, on land that Francis Lyon had purchased a few years earlier from the town commissioners of Demopolis.</p><br>
<p>The house was altered in the 1840s with the addition of the two-story front portico and a large rear wing. The new rear wing contained the dining room and kitchen at ground level and two bedrooms on the second floor. This new construction also added the other Greek Revival details.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in the Lyon family until 30 October 1907 when it was sold to A. R. Smith. The Smith family maintained it as a residence into the 1940s, though the upper floors were converted to apartments. The house was sold again in 1948 and continued as apartments. The Marengo County Historical Society purchased the house on 22 March 1967 in order to restore and convert it to a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story brick structure, with portions covered by smooth stucco. The front portico features six two-story square columns, constructed in brick with a stucco finish. These columns are very similar to nearby Lyon Hall. The balcony under the portico spans the width of the entrance doors and is supported by wrought iron brackets. The double parlor in the interior features two columns that were an anniversary gift to the Lyons from the Whitfield family. The Whitfields lived nearby at Gaineswood.</p><br>
<p>Quamby Bluff is a mountain in Northern Tasmania, Australia that is an outlying part of the Great Western Tiers mountain range.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Quamby Bluff lies 19 km from Deloraine by road, just north of the main escarpment of the Great Western Tiers mountain range. The name Quamby has been variously stated to be derived from Quarmby, the district in Huddersfield Yorkshire, or from a Viking word that means "mill farm", or from local aboriginal words meaning either a "place of rest" or a "good camping place". Daniel Bunce in his 1859 book of memoirs postulated that the name was derived from an incident where a British colonist in the area aimed his gun at an Indigenous Tasmanian. The Tasmanian feel to his knees and yelled "Quamby!" which was interpreted to mean "Spare me!" or "Mercy!".</p><br>
<p>The Tasmanian central plateau was uplifted from the lower Meander Valley, most probably in the Eocene epoch though possibly earlier, forming the escarpment of the Great Western Tiers. The face of the tiers has been eroded and retreated approximately 4 mi since then, leaving Quamby Bluff as a solitary outlier. The bluff has similar geology to the rest of the range, and a similar form with cliffs, and talus (a mixture of scree and soil) slopes. Due to its prominence and isolation, views from the top cover a large portion of Northern Tasmania. In the right conditions Mount Strzelecki on Flinders Island, approximately 200 km distant, can be seen from the peak. The bluff has outcrops of Proterozoic era rocks that are the amongst the oldest found in Tasmania. These rocks are regarded as metamorphosed sediments containing a laminate of graphite, mica quartz-sericite and sericite schists.</p><br>
<p>The area around the mountain has an annual average rainfall of 1,100 mm with a predominance in winter. The rainfall increases significantly with altitude, approximately 1,078 mm measured at 300 m rising to 2,300 mm at the summit. Snow is seen above 1,000 m at any time of year, and there is regular snowfall on top of the bluff. Due to its exposed position the summit often experiences severe weather conditions.</p><br>
<h2>Habitation and landuse</h2><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the area were the Pallittorre Clan of the Northern Nation of Aboriginal Tasmanians. The North Midlands Nation name for Quamby Bluff was lartitickitheker (lar.tit.ick.it.he.ker).There are caves south of Meander, in the Great Western Tiers, with deposits showing aboriginal habitation, though these have not been dated. The deposits were either left by the Pallittorre, or their neighbours the Luggermairrernerpairre who were part of the neighbouring Big River tribe. The Pallittorre probably inhabited the area for thousands of years; aborigines are believed to have lived in Tasmania for more than 30,000 years. They maintained cleared grassy plains by regular careful burning, and used this method also to control undergrowth in the forests. This land management technique enabled easier hunting and food gathering.</p><br>
<p>There has not been a survey of the mountain for aboriginal artefacts. Stumps and trails remain as evidence of logging by European settlers; the remains of a 1940s sawmill can be seen on the Eastern slopes.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The bluffs nature as a solitary outlier of the range gives it a greater range, in one place, of habitats and flora than elsewhere in the Great Western Tiers. The plants and trees found on the bluff are common to the rest of the range however, unlike the rest of the range, Quamby Bluffs summit does not show evidence of burning or grazing damage.</p><br>
<p>There has been no formal survey of fauna though the presence of feral goats has been recorded. Pink robins and green rosellas have been seen on the mountain. In shaded and moist areas there are scrubtits and Bassian thrush. The last recorded fires in the forest reserve were 1961, when some of the drier forests burned, and 1968, when the northwest corner was lightly burned. Parts of the reserve had been selectively logged for around 100 years until 1982, mostly for sawlogs.</p><br>
<h2>Reserve</h2><br>
<p>The mountain lies within a forest reserve, listed on the Australian Register of the National Estate, declared on 15 December 1982. This reserve largely covers the area above an elevation of 540 m and covers 945 hectare of a landscape described as predominantly in its natural state. As of 1990 both Quamby bluff and the forest reserve are closed to mining exploration and prospecting. The reserve was added to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Quamby Bluff is one of the Tiers&#39; easier peaks to ascend on foot. The walk to the summit is a popular day walk and can be easily completed in an afternoon. The most popular trail, of the four that are marked, is the fairly glade track that is accessed from Lake Highway. There are no formal car parks or facilities in the forest reserve. The walks are marked simply, with some small coloured metal triangles, cairns and track markers of coloured plastic tape.</p><br>
<p>Babadağ  is a mountain near Fethiye, in Muğla Province, southwest Turkey.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has a principal summit at an elevation of 1,969 m and a second one called "Karatepe" at an elevation of 1,400 m. These two summits face each other and are separated by a flood valley, which led to the term "mountain range" to be used in some sources in association with Babadağ. The mass is composed mainly of limestone. It is noted for its rich flora, including the endemic Acer undulatum, and forests of Cedrus libani.</p><br>
<p>It is also notable for the proximity of its summit to the sea (less than 5 km) which is one of the factors that make it particularly suitable and popular for paragliding.</p><br>
<h2>Babadağ, Mount Cragus and Anticragus</h2><br>
<p>In ancient times, Mount Cragus (also spelled Mount Cragos or Mount Kragus) was a principal mountain of Lycia, although ancient names are sometimes difficult to match with the features observed today.</p><br>
<p>Strabo (p. 665), whose description proceeds from west to east, after the promontory Telmissus, mentions "Anticragus", on which is Carmylessus, and then Cragus, which has eight "summits" (or he may have meant "capes"), and a city of the same name; Cragus (Lycia). Another city, Pinara, in the interior, was at the base of Cragus.</p><br>
<p>There are coins of the town Cragus of the Roman imperial period, with the epigraph Λυκιων Κρ. or Κρα. or Κραγ. The range of Anticragus and Cragus is represented in the map in Spratt and Forbes as running south from the neighbourhood of Telmissus, and forming the western boundary of the lower basin of the river Xanthus. The southern part is Cragus. The direction of the range shows that it must abut on the sea in bold headlands. In Francis Beauforts map of the coast of Karamania, the Anticragus is marked 6000 feet high. Beauforts examination of this coast began at Yediburun, which means "the Seven Capes", a knot of high and rugged mountains that appear to have been the ancient Mount Cragus of Lycia. The ruins of Pinara are where Strabo describes them, on the east side of this range, about halfway between Telmissus and the termination of the range on the south coast. There is a pass leading between the summits of Cragus and Anticragus. Between the two chief peaks is a plain 4000 feet above the sea; and above it rises the highest peak of Cragus, more than 2500 feet above this elevated plain. The first half of the ascent from the plain is through a thick forest, and the remainder over bare rock. From the summit there is a view of the whole plain of Xanthus, and of the gorges of the Massicytus, which lies east of it. The side towards the sea is so steep, that from this lofty summit the waves are seen breaking white against the base of this precipitous mountain mass. It appears that Strabo is right when he describes a valley or depression as separating Anticragus and Cragus; and the highest part, which towers above the sea at the Seven Capes, seems to be the eight summits that Strabo speaks of. There was a promontory Cragus, according to Scylax and Pliny the Elder (v. 27), which must be the Seven Capes. The Hiera Acra of the Stadiasmus seems also to be the Seven Capes. The position of the Cragus between Xanthus and Telmissus is mentioned by Pomponius Mela (i. 15), and he also probably means the same striking part of the range.</p><br>
<p>The rocks and forests of Cragus were embellished by poetic fictions as the occasional residence of Diana. Here, according to the authority quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v. Κράγος), were the so-called θεῶν ἀγρίων ἄντρα.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Notre Dame in New York City is a parish of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York. The church is located at 40 Morningside Drive and the rectory at 405 West 114th Street in Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Geraldyn Redmond donated funds to the Fathers of Mercy, a French community of priests, requesting they build a chapel to propagate devotion to Our Lady of Lourdes. They established the Church of Notre Dame in 1910 as a mission of the St. Vincent de Paul Parish on West 23rd Street. The first administrator of the parish was the Rev. Maurice Reynauld, S.P.M., who died in France during World War I. While in France in 1913, he affiliated Notre Dame Church with the Sanctuary of Our Lady in Lourdes, thus enabling worshipers at the Church of Notre Dame in New York City to obtain the spiritual benefits of worshipers at Lourdes. From the beginning of the parish, a special arrangement was made with the ecclesiastical authorities in Lourdes that water from the miraculous spring there would be sent directly to the Church of Notre Dame. Since that time Lourdes water has been continuously available at the church.</p><br>
<p>The sanctuary completed in 1910 was the work of Daus and Otto. Cross & Cross designed the nave, facade, and rectory completed in 1914. A planned dome was never completed. The expansion continued intermittently until completed 50 years later.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was officially dedicated on October 2, 1910, by Archbishop John Farley. Cardinal Farley dedicated the enlarged structure on February 11, 1915, the Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes.</p><br>
<p>Notre Dame became an independent parish in 1919 and grew from a small chapel to the present church in the late 1920s and early 1930s. It was still a center for New York&#39;s French community when Cardinal Charost of Rennes visited the church in June 1926 and when Bishop Alfred Baudrillart of the Institut Catholique de Paris presided at a ceremony in April 1927.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, an organization of lay parishioners, the Notre Dame Study Club, was the first group of its type to call upon every Catholic parish to support the Catholic Church in efforts to provide for social justice for the Negro.</p><br>
<p>In 1960, charge of Notre Dame was transferred from the Fathers of Mercy to the Archdiocese of New York.</p><br>
<p>In January 1967, the New York City Landmarks Commission designated the Church and the Rectory of Notre Dame as architectural landmarks. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, some parishioners sued under canon law to prevent the remodeling of the sanctuary, specifically relocating the altar in accordance with liturgical reforms established by Second Vatican Council.</p><br>
<h2>Notre Dame today</h2><br>
<p>Over the years, the French community was integrated with other ethnic groups. Calling Notre Dame home are many people of Irish, German, Italian, Black, Hispanic and Filipino descent. Today Notre Dame is still just as ethnically diverse as its neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the Archdiocese of New York entrusted the Polish Province of the Dominican Order with the responsibility of taking care of Notre Dame Parish and all its ministries. Control returned to the Archdiocese in the fall of 2011.</p><br>
<p>Catholic Campus Ministry at Columbia University became a part of the parish mission of Notre Dame in 1988. Notre Dames community includes ministry at St. Lukes Hospital and the nearby Amsterdam Nursing Home, part of NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System.</p><br>
<p>Altıntepe  is an Urartian fortress and temple site dating from the 9th-7th century BCE. It is located on a small hill overlooking the Euphrates River in the Üzümlü district of Erzincan Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<p>Altıntepe is located at the 12th kilometre on the highway from Erzincan to Erzurum. The site was discovered in 1938 during the construction of a nearby railway line. The remains are situated on a 60 m-high volcanic hill. During excavations undertaken between 1959-1968 and led by Professor Dr. Tahsin Özgüç, a fortified settlement from the Urartian period was found. In the excavated area a temple or palace, a great hall, a warehouse, city walls, various rooms, and three subterranean chamber tombs on the south side of the hill were found. After a long gap, excavations were restarted in 2003 by the decision of the Council of Ministers, under the leadership of Professor Dr. Mehmet Karaosmanoğlu.</p><br>
<p>Strawberry Lake is a natural high-elevation body of water in the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness in the USA state of Oregon. Located about 10 mi south of Prairie City in Grant County, the shallow lake covers about 36 acres surrounded by forest. Recreational activities in the lake basin include hiking, backpacking, skiing, and fishing.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<p>Stratovolcanoes erupting about 14.7 million years ago in the Miocene covered about 500 square miles of what later became Grant County with andesite lavas and mudflows. The Strawberry Mountains are eroded remnants of the mountains created by those volcanoes and by intrusions of igneous rock.</p><br>
<p>Strawberry Lake is the largest of the small glacial lakes found in the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness. The surface of the lake is more than 6,000 ft above sea level. Occupying part of a valley carved by ice in the Pleistocene, the lake formed behind a landslide dam across Strawberry Creek. Water from the lake does not flow over the dam except in high water but seeps through the landslide to re-form the creek several hundred yards (meters) downstream.</p><br>
<p>Strawberry Lake has an average depth of 9 ft and a maximum depth of 27 ft. The length of its shoreline is about 1.2 mi. Despite water-quality problems stemming from recreational activity in the lakes drainage basin, the water remains transparent enough that the lake bottom is visible from the surface even at the lakes deepest point.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nathan W. Fisk homesteaded in the area in 1870 and named local features Strawberry Butte (now Strawberry Mountain) and Strawberry Creek for the abundance of wild strawberries in the area, and the name spread to encompass Strawberry Valley and Strawberry Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Hiking, backpacking, and camping are among the recreational activities available near the lake. Strawberry Camp, 1.3 mi downstream from the lake along Strawberry Creek, is connected to the lake by a hiking trail. The trail continues upstream 1.2 mi from the lake to 40 ft Strawberry Falls and then another 0.6 mi to Little Strawberry Lake. Another trail leads from Strawberry Falls 6.3 mi to the peak of Strawberry Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Winter sports enthusiasts visit the lake in winter even though the access road, County Road 60, from Prairie City to the edge of this part of the wilderness is unplowed and blocked by snow 2 to 4 mi downstream from Strawberry Camp. The lake, frozen Strawberry Falls, and Little Strawberry Lake can be reached by cross-country skiers and snowshoers.</p><br>
<p>Fishing in the lake is allowed all year, though snow makes access difficult in winter. Many brook trout inhabit the lake as well as some rainbow trout, with fish present due to being stocked.</p><br>
<p>For other uses of Karain, see Karain .</p><br>
<p>Karain Cave (Karain Mağarası) is a Paleolithic archaeological site located at Yağca Village 27 km northwest of Antalya city in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Karain prehistoric site is situated 430 m above sea level and about 80 m above the eastern slope of Sam Dağı Mountain (Mount Katran), where the western Taurus Mountains calcareous zone borders on the Travertine Plain. Karain is a complex of caves that consists of three main chambers and corridors, separated by calcite walls, narrow curves and passageways. Halls and galleries contain speleothems.</p><br>
<h3>Occupation</h3><br>
<p>A fragment of a Neanderthal cranium discovered and dated confirms human habitation since the early Paleolithic age between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago. Researchers documented the continuity of human presence in the cave for a period of more than 25,000 years, from the Mesolithic, through the Neolithic and the Chalcolithic, to the Bronze Age. It is assumed that during the time of Greek colonization of Asia Minor (Iron Age), the cave had a religious function, as Greek inscriptions and decorations suggest, that are carved into the rock in front of the entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Artifacts</h3><br>
<p>Paleolithic and Neolithic flint blades, scrapers and arrowheads, some made in Levallois technique were discovered. In the subsequent layers lithic figurines and bone sculptures have been found, that suggest relations to the nearby Hacılar culture. The attention of researchers was especially drawn to the carving of a human face, stylistically similar to the products of the Natufian culture which flourished in the Levant during the Mesolithic period. This discovery may corroborate a commercial relationship of the population of southern Asia Minor and Palestine.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations hosts an extensive collection of Karain artifacts.</p><br>
<p>The San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site includes the location of the Battle of San Jacinto, and the USS Texas. It is located off the Houston Ship Channel in unincorporated Harris County, Texas near the city of Houston. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>A prominent feature of the park is the San Jacinto Monument. Visitors can take an elevator to the monument&#39;s observation deck for a view of Houston, the Houston Ship Channel and the USS Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The beginnings of the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic site trace to the early 1880s, when the State of Texas purchased ten acres along Buffalo Bayou in preparation for the fiftieth anniversary of the Texas Revolution. The Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT) pressured the Texas Legislature for more appropriations for San Jacinto. In 1897, Texas State Senator Waller Thomas Burns of Houston helped to pass legislation to fund $10,000 to establish a public park. The money was used to purchase an additional 336 acres of land at San Jacinto. The state appropriated another $25,000 in 1907 for improvements at the battleground and officially named it San Jacinto State Park, the first official state park in Texas. A governor appointed local commission managed the park and reported to the State Board of Control. More state-assisted improvements came to the park in preparation for the 1928 Democratic National Convention in Houston. A grant from the USA Fish and Wildlife Services Coastal Impact Assistance Program will be funding a $2.6 million construction project for improvements to the sites seawall, with an anticipated finish date of December 31, 2016.</p><br>
<h2>San Jacinto Museum of History</h2><br>
<p>The San Jacinto Museum of History is located inside the base of the San Jacinto Monument. In addition to the Battle of San Jacinto, the museum&#39;s exhibits focus on the history of Texan culture, including Mayan, Spanish and Mexican influences, the history of the Texas Revolution and the Republic of Texas, and important figures in Texas history.</p><br>
<p>The 160-seat Jesse H. Jones Theatre for Texas Studies presents a 35-minute movie titled Texas Forever!! The Battle of San Jacinto.</p><br>
<h2>Battleship Texas</h2><br>
<p>On 17 April 1947, the Battleship Texas Commission was established by the Texas Legislature to care for the ship. The $225,000 necessary to pay for towing her from Baltimore to San Jacinto was the Commission&#39;s first task. On 17 March 1948, Texas began her journey to her new anchorage along the busy Houston Ship Channel near the San Jacinto Monument, at San Jacinto State Park, arriving on 20 April, where she was turned over to the State of Texas the next day to serve as a permanent memorial. The date of 21 April is significant in that it was the date of the decisive 1836 Battle of San Jacinto that ended the Texas Revolution and led to the creation of the Republic of Texas, which joined the US as a state in 1845. Texas was the first battleship memorial museum in the US. When the battleship was presented to the State of Texas, she was commissioned as the flagship of the Texas Navy.</p><br>
<h2>Subsidence</h2><br>
<p>Drilling for oil and underground water have led to severe land subsidence and erosion along the Bay Area shoreline, especially in the Baytown-Pasadena area. Since the beginning of the 20th century approximately 100 acre of the battleground have become submerged under the bay.</p><br>
<p>Sully Historic Site, more commonly known as Sully Plantation, is both a Virginia landmark and nationally registered historic place in Chantilly, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The earliest recorded claim to the land was made by the Doeg. Later the Lee family of Virginia owned the land from 1725 to 1839. Richard Bland Lee did not build the main house until 1794. Following the purchase by William Swartwort in 1838, Sully was used as a home, a working farm, or both by a series of private owners. Then in 1958, Sully was acquired by the federal government as a part of the area to be used for the construction of Dulles Airport. Today the Fairfax County Park Authority operates the site with a specific focus on the Lee family.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pre-Lee period</h3><br>
<p>The land that would become part of Sully was likely controlled by several groups before the Doeg claimed the area. English settlers encountered Algonquian language speaking members of the Doeg tribe in modern-day Northern Virginia. The Doeg are most well known for their raid in July 1675 that became a part of Bacon&#39;s Rebellion. English colonists settling in modern Northern Virginia came into conflict with the Doeg from 1661 to 1664. When diplomatic attempts failed, the governor sent the Rappahannock County militia in June 1666. The specifics of that military action are unclear, but later land grants to English settlers are not disputed, suggesting the English gained control of the area. The English presumptively took control after a violent conflict with the Doeg in 1666. Little is recorded about the disposition of this land from the time when the English gained control of it until the land is patented by the Lee family of Virginia.</p><br>
<h3>Lee period</h3><br>
<p>Originally acquired in 1725 by Richard Bland Lees grandfather, Henry Lee I, Sully was inherited by Richards father Henry Lee II of "Leesylvania". At his death in 1787, the land was divided between Richard and his younger brother Theodorick Lee. Being the older of the two, Richard was given the more alluvial northern half, having resided there as manager of the property since approximately 1781. During this period the predominant crop grown was tobacco.</p><br>
<h4>Richard Bland Lee</h4><br>
<p>Richard severely curtailed tobacco production in favor of more sustainable crops, including wheat, corn, rye, and barley. This reduced the soil depletion inherent to tobacco production, and allowed for the practice of crop rotation. He also planted fruit orchards, including peach and apple trees, which he used to produce spirits. In 1801 Richard constructed a dairy, which ran primarily under the supervision of his wife Elizabeth Collins Lee.</p><br>
<p>After his election to the United States Congress in 1789, and for most of the next five years, Richard turned day-to-day management of his estate over to his brother Theodorick, who supervised spring planting and fall harvest. Theodorick also managed the collection of rent from tenant farmers and the construction of the large house Richard had planned for the estate, on which construction had begun in 1794. Before he left for Congress in 1789, Richard had chosen the name "Sully" for his estate.</p><br>
<p>By 1811, having been drawn into heavy debt trying to aid his brothers, Henry Lee III and Charles Lee, extricate themselves from severe financial difficulties, Richard Bland Lee decided he could no longer sustain ownership of Sully. Accordingly, he decided to sell the plantation to raise cash to pay some of the debt. He sold Sully for $18,000 to his second cousin, Francis Lightfoot Lee II, son of Richard Henry Lee.</p><br>
<h4>Francis Lightfoot Lee II</h4><br>
<p>For several years after his purchase of Sully, Francis Lightfoot Lee II, called F. L. by his family, was able to realize an annual profit of $1,500 to $2,500. At least part of that success was due to the "judicious system of husbandry" employed by F. L.&#39;s wife Jane Fitzgerald Lee. Then in 1816, due to complications during the delivery of their fifth child Frances Ann Lee, Jane Fitzgerald Lee died. Four years later in 1820, F. L. had either a nervous breakdown or stroke. Unable to care for himself, he was committed to the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia in 1825.</p><br>
<p>Following the breakdown, Sully was placed under the administrative care of F. L.s nephew Richard Henry Lee II. Richard Henry Lee IIs management was marked by negligence and apparent apathy towards the dishonesty of managers who were embezzling money from the estate:</p><br>
<p>"… mismanagement, having allowed an estate clear of debt, well stocked, well arranged under a good system as it had been for years according to the universal belief and opinion of all friends, connections and neighbors to be wasted and the debts lost.... Colonel W.C.B. Butler replaced Richard Henry Lee as the Committee for the Estate on January 1, 1827, but Butler also proved unsatisfactory. On June 23, 1830 the county court ordered his removal and, for the safekeeping and good management&#39; of the estate..."</p><br>
<p>Control of Sully was next placed in the hands of Colonel George Washington Hunter in 1830. Gamble claims, "in no hands... would Sully fare as well as when it had been assiduously maintained by a single, devoted, industrious proprietor."</p><br>
<p>After their fathers move to the Pennsylvania Hospital during the summer of 1825, F. L.s children (with the exception of Samuel Philips Lee who had entered the Navy), were under the care of William Brent, Jr. and Winifred Brent. The Brents were relatives who had moved to Sully to care for the Lee children and to start at Sully, a "select seminary" for boys and girls.</p><br>
<p>During subsequent years, as the Lee children grew older they began to leave Sully. Samuel Phillps Lee had entered the Navy, and John Lee went to West Point. Arthur Lee moved west to the Ohio country, while his oldest daughter Jane Elizabeth Lee married Henry Tazewell Harrison in a sunrise ceremony at Sully on February 6, 1834. With his brothers-in-law absent from the estate, Harrison took over representing their interests with the appointed administrator, Colonel Hunter, whom he replaced on July 18, 1836. Finally, in 1838, after a bizarre period, in which the estate had ostensibly been sold to a buyer who was arrested in England prior to completing the purchase, Sully was sold to merchant William Swartwort.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Lee period</h3><br>
<p>Starting in 1838 Sully was used as a home, working farm, or both by Swartwort, then Haight, Haight, Barlow, Shear, Shear, Miller, Poston, Thurston, then Nolting. The federal government acquired the property in 1958 to construct Dulles Airport. A campaign to save the site began almost immediately afterwards. Those involved included previous owners of the property, Lee descendants, and a neighbor, Eddie Wagstaff, who later endowed the Sully Foundation that still provides support for the site. This campaign ended in 1959 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed legislation making Sully a national historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Fairfax County Park Authority agreed to operate the site as a county historical park, and has since acquired an additional 60 acre to bring the total size of Sully Historic Site to approximately 120 acre. The site&#39;s historic period of significance encompasses the ownership of Richard Bland Lee and Francis Lighfoot Lee (1787–1838). Interpretation at the site reflects the ownership of its founder Richard Bland Lee, which explains the park authority decision to have Sully "completely furnished with antiquities from the Federal period."</p><br>
<h3>Chain of ownership</h3><br>
<p>The Hale Solar Laboratory was the laboratory of astronomer George Ellery Hale and is located in Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Solar Laboratory was designed in the Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival architectural styles by Reginald Davis Johnson (1882 - 1952), Gordon Kaufmann (1888–1949), and Roland Coate (1890-1958) in 1923. The site&#39;s landscape master plan and gardens were designed by Beatrix Farrand.</p><br>
<p>After retiring as director at the Mount Wilson Observatory, George Ellery Hale built the Hale Solar Laboratory as his office and workshop, pursuing his interest in the sun.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark</h2><br>
<p>The Hale Solar Laboratory was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Hale Solar Laboratory is located at 740 Holladay Drive, Pasadena, California.</p><br>
<p>The Naomi Institute, also known as the Rock Bluff School, is located in the ghost town of Rock Bluff, Nebraska, three miles east of Murray. It was one of the earliest higher education institutions in Nebraska, founded in 1870 as a pioneer college. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally a two-story structure in Rock Bluff, Nebraska, today the one-story brick school is all that remains of a ghost town. Rock Bluff was a popular crossing on the Missouri River, and had a post office, a mayor, the county fair, a common lodge hall for Masons and Odd Fellows, and a variety of businesses including three stores, two blacksmith shops, two saloons and a billiard hall. There was a race track near the steamboat landing, and a coal mine south of town.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Diven Patterson secured a lot overlooking the Rock and Squaw creeks of the Missouri River bluffs in order to establish a school in 1870. He built a two-story building that was 25 feet by 50 feet in size for $3,500. On September 1, 1870 the Naomi Institute opened. Advertisements for the Institute reported that "the morals of the place are the very best there is, not a dramshop in the village, and the pupil will be free from the surroundings of vice that are usually found in larger and faster towns in the West." The Naomi Institute was regarded as one of the leading educational institutions in Nebraska, and was the first higher education institution in Cass County.</p><br>
<p>After opening successfully, the school’s debt forced Patterson to sell the building in 1872. It later served as the Rock Bluffs School.</p><br>
<p>After a railroad bridge was built in Omaha in the 1870s the town of Rock Bluff lost its importance, which was only exacerbated when the closest railroad tracks were built ten miles west. The town was completely abandoned by the 1940s.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Today the Rock Bluff School, purportedly the oldest schoolhouse in Cass County, is</p><br>
<p>owned by the Cass County Historical Society and is used as a museum that is open by appointment. In 2003 the Nebraska Humanities Council held some of the events for the Plattsmouth Chautauqua on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Lenox Library Association is a 501 not-for-profit public library located in Lenox, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The library was incorporated in 1856 and moved into its current home, the former Berkshire County courthouse which was constructed in 1815-1816. In 1973, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places and is one of nine such locations in Lenox. In the early 20th century, novelist Edith Wharton worked in the library and befriended Kate Spencer, who served as partial inspiration for her 1911 novel Ethan Frome.</p><br>
<p>The Lenox Library Association belongs to the C/W MARS library consortium, which allows patrons to request books and other materials from other libraries located across the state. The Lenox Library Association is also a member of the Massachusetts Library System which is a State-supported collaborative that provides leadership and services to foster cooperation, communication, and sharing among member libraries of all types.</p><br>
<p>In fiscal year 2008, the town of Lenox spent 1.56% ($241,452) of its budget on its public library—some $47 per person.</p><br>
<p>The St. Ignatius Mission is a landmark Roman Catholic mission founded at its present location, St. Ignatius, Montana, in 1854 by Father Pierre-Jean De Smet and Father Adrian Hoecken. The current mission church was built between 1891 and 1893, and listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The mission church serves the St. Ignatius parish within the Missoula Deanery of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The mission church is a simplified, vernacular example of Gothic revival architecture constructed of bricks made from native clay. The most exceptional feature of the interior are the 58 murals painted by Brother Joseph Carignano, an untrained artist who worked as a cook in the mission. The church is 120x60 ft in plan and its belfry is nearly 100 ft high.</p><br>
<p>Mahodand Lake  is a lake located in the upper Usho Valley at a distance of about 40 km from Kalam, Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The lake is accessible by a four-wheel drive vehicle, and is often utilized for fishing and boating.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Mahodand Lake lies at the foothills of Hindu kush mountains at an elevation of (9,603 ft), surrounded by the meadows, mountains and dense forests. Similarly, the banks of Mahodand lake are covered by pines and pastures that serve as a camping site during the summer.</p><br>
<p>The Mahodand lake is fed by melting glaciers and springs of the Hindu Kush mountain and gives rise to Ushu Khwar, the major left tributary of the Swat River.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>During the winter, the Mahodand lake freezes and is covered by heavy snow. In the summers, the basin of the lake is surrounded by a sheet of alpine flowers like geum, blue poppy, potentilla and gentian. Apart from it, the lake is encircled by diverse pinus species which serves as abode for wild birds. Similarly, the lake contains abounding trout fishes, which furnish ideal opportunity for angling, but catching is allowed only to the licensed anglers.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing and camping</h2><br>
<p>Visitors fish and camp at the lake. The waters of Mahodand lake are divided into a series of small and large streams, which once swarmed with brown and rainbow trout introduced by the former ruler of Swat State. Over-fishing by the locals for daily income, along with the illegal use of fishing methods like electrocution, dynamiting, and large nets, have significantly reduced the fish population.</p><br>
<p>The Arkticheskiy Institut Islands or Arctic Institute Islands  is a compact archipelago of narrow islands covered with tundra vegetation. The islands are located in the Kara Sea, about 173 kmnorth of the coast of Siberia, and just 45 km south of the nearest island group, the Izvesti Tsik Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The distance between the northern and the southern end of the archipelago is 49.5 km and its maximum width is of 21 km from east to west. The main island is called Bolshoy.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Arkticheskiy Institut Islands is covered with pack ice in the long winter and the climate is severe. There are numerous ice floes even in the summer.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation and is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>The Arkticheskiy Institut Islands were named in honor of the Arctic Institute of the USSR, which was then known as "All-Union Arctic Institute". The combination "Arkticheskiy Institut Islands" is technically incorrect, for it is a strange combination of Russian and English. Even so, the name "Arkticheskiy Institut Islands" has become popular and its use has been widespread in this manner for many decades and in many modern maps and atlases. "Arctic Institute Islands", which would be the grammatically correct way of naming these islands in English, is very rarely used.</p><br>
<p>Sidorova Island was named after Siberian trader and goldmine owner Mikhail K. Sidorov (1823-1887), who had a vision for the development of trade along the Northern Sea Route.</p><br>
<p>Gutiérrez Lake  is a lake of the lake region of northern Patagonia in the province of Río Negro, in Argentina. It is of glacial origin, being a Moraine-dammed lake. The lake is connected to Nahuel Huapi Lake.</p><br>
<p>It was named by explorer and naturalist Francisco P. Moreno as an homage to his academic mentor Juan María Gutiérrez.</p><br>
<p>The lake harbors several species of trout including rainbow trout, brown trout and brook trout which attract anglers from the world over.</p><br>
<p>Despite being nowhere near any ocean and being at high altitude, the lake is also home to the kelp gull and the blue-eyed cormorant (Phalacrocorax atriceps), otherwise strictly marine birds.</p><br>
<p>The lake’s clear waters are very susceptible to climate change and have an average surface temperature of 45 °F (7 °C). Hypothermia is one of the risks bathers must endure. Kayaking is a popular sport on this and adjacent lakes.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located near San Carlos de Bariloche (about 12 km), and it is a popular tourist attraction. It has several good spots for having a picnic or sunbathing.</p><br>
<h2>Villa los Coihues</h2><br>
<p>In the northern shore of the lake there is a village called Villa los Coihues (Coihue is the popular name of the tree Nothofagus dombeyi). It is a small but thriving community.</p><br>
<p>In this village is located the "Dr. Rosendo Pascual" geological and paleothological museum which, although small, exhibits a large collection of rocks and fossils.</p><br>
<p>Glover Island is a large  lake island in the interior of the Island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is the 18th largest lake island in the world by area. The island is located in Grand Lake, a natural lake whose waters were raised for the Deer Lake Power Development. Historic maps show that Glover Island pre-dates this http://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/Size4/D0117/0859002.jpg.</p><br>
<p>The island lies in a general north-east, south-west direction in the Appalachian Mountains of Newfoundland. The island is elongated measuring 24.2 miles at its longest axis by a medium width of 3.2 miles. The island is known to be rich in minerals and is currently undergoing exploration for precious metals.</p><br>
<p>Glover Island is dotted by other ponds and lakes. Near the centre of the island is a lake , measuring 1.3 miles by 0.5 miles. This lake contains seven other islands with the largest of those measuring 112 m by 112 m . This feature, one of the few in the world, can be deemed as an island in a lake on an island in a lake on an island.</p><br>
<p>El Museo Latino is a museum featuring Latino and Hispanic art and history that is located at 4701 South 25th Street in South Omaha, Nebraska. Established in 1993, by Magdalena García, it is the first Latino art and history museum and cultural center in the Midwest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>El Museo Latino was established by Magdalena Garcia, a Mexico City native who had moved to Omaha at the age of nine. After working in industry for some years, Garcia had changed her focus to art and museums. In 1988, she obtained a degree in fine arts from the University of Nebraska Omaha; in 1992, a master&#39;s degree in museum management from Syracuse University. She returned to Omaha and, in 1993, opened El Museo Latino in the Livestock Exchange Building.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the museum moved to the former Polish Home, at 4701 S. 25th Street. The site had originally been occupied by the South Central School, built in 1887. In 1916, the school was essentially rebuilt, as a single-story U-shaped Romanesque Revival-style building. In 1930, following the school&#39;s closing, the building was acquired by the American Legion. The Legion found themselves unable to keep up with the mortgage payments, and in 1936 sold the building to the Polish Home, a social organization serving the large Polish immigrant community in South Omaha. As the Polish Home, the building housed a library and served as a venue for Polish-language classes and for events such as dances, wedding receptions, and political rallies. The Polish Home owned the building until 1998, when it was sold to El Museo Latino.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>El Museo Latino features exhibits about Latino and Hispanic art and history. Educational programs for kindergarten through twelfth grade, post-secondary, and adult audiences at the museum include lectures, slide presentations, films, art classes, workshops, demonstrations, art history classes, gallery talks, guided visits, and dance classes. Additionally, El Museo Latino is a resource center for Latino studies in the Midwest. Museum highlights have included an exhibit from the Smithsonian Institution organized by actor Edward James Olmos</p><br>
<p>El Museo Latino organizes special events highlighting Cinco de Mayo, including an annual almuerzo, or brunch. Hispanic Heritage Month in September features a banquet. During the year, Family Day celebrations are also scheduled as well as special dance performances by the museum&#39;s dance company, "CHOMARI" Ballet Folklorico Mexicano, and by visiting artists. The museum also coordinates an annual celebration for El Día de Muertos, including a festival, special exhibits and cultural celebrations.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the museum&#39;s building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places, under the name "Polish Home".</p><br>
<p>Cholmondeley Castle is a country house in the civil parish of Cholmondeley, Cheshire, England. Together with its adjacent formal gardens, it is surrounded by parkland. The site of the house has been a seat of the Cholmondeley family since the 12th century. The present house replaced a timber-framed hall nearby. It was built at the start of the 19th century for George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley, who designed most of it himself in the form of a crenellated castle. After the death of the Marquess, the house was extended to designs by Robert Smirke to produce the building in its present form. The house is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The first formal garden was designed in the 17th century by George London. Following neglect in the 18th century, the garden was re-ordered by William Emes, who also created the landscape park. During the 20th century the garden was further developed under the care of Lavinia, widow of the late 6th Marquess. The park and gardens are listed Grade II in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. In the park and gardens are a number of other listed buildings. The most important of these is St Nicholas&#39; Chapel, which dates from the 13th century and contains much 17th-century furniture. It is listed Grade I in the National Heritage List for England. Standing across the main drive is a wrought iron screen and gateway made by Robert Bakewell in 1722 for the Old Hall and moved here in the early 19th century. This is listed as Grade II*. The other Grade II listed buildings include the altered remains of the Old Hall, five of the lodges in and around the estate and a variety of structures in the gardens.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the house and grounds were used for a variety of military purposes which included a hospital. Until her death in November 2015, the house was occupied by Lavinia, Dowager Marchioness of Cholmondeley, mother of the present Marquess who lives in the other family seat, Houghton Hall in Norfolk. The house is not open to the public, but the park and gardens are open during the summer season. A variety of events are organised in the grounds and one of the lodges can be used as a holiday cottage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Old Hall</h3><br>
<p>The site of the house has been a family seat of the Cholmondeley family since the 12th century. In the 16th century the house was a timber-framed hall standing on a moated platform. During the English Civil War in the following century, the house and its separate chapel were damaged by the Parliamentarians and were subsequently repaired by Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster. In 1701 Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley commissioned William Smith of Warwick to encase the house with brick and to add features such as giant columns and balustraded parapets with urns and statues. By 1712 the earl had lost patience with Smith and asked John Vanbrugh to prepare a new design, but it was never executed. In 1722 wrought iron gates and railings made by Robert Bakewell were used to enclose the forecourt of the house. In the 18th century the house was neglected. In 1770 it was inherited by George Cholmondeley, the 4th Earl of Cholmondeley, who decided to demolish most of the Old Hall and to replace it with a new building.</p><br>
<h3>Present house</h3><br>
<p>Building of the new house in the style of a castle began in 1801. It was designed mainly by the Earl in collaboration with the architect William Turner of Whitchurch. The design was symmetrical; the entrance front facing west and consisting of two castellated blocks, between which was a single-storey loggia. Behind the loggia was the full-height entrance hall. Facing the park on the east side of the house were the three main state rooms. This phase of building the house was completed in 1805. Much of the construction material was recycled from the old house, including bricks, glass, windows, woodwork and chimneypieces. Bakewell&#39;s railings, without the gates, were moved to form a screen on the main drive. In 1817 George Cholmondeley (now the 1st Marquess) started a series of enlargements to the house beginning with a new dining room. Two years later, a family wing with tall rectangular tower was added to the south of the house; both of these additions were designed by the Marquess. They were followed by the addition of two octagonal angle turrets. The Marquess died in 1828 and soon after that, Robert Smirke was commissioned to make further additions and alterations. The main addition was a round tower at the southeast corner of the family wing. Smirke also brought forward the central tower of the east front by adding a canted bay, giving the house its present appearance. This work was completed in 1829.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>In common with many other country estates and stately homes, special roles were allocated to Cholmondeley during the Second World War. Between July and October 1940 the grounds were the home of troops serving the Czechoslovak government-in-exile. Later they were used in the preparations for Operation Anthropoid, an assassination attempt on Reinhard Heydrich. Cholmondeley was also employed as a Royal Naval Auxiliary Hospital which treated serving servicemen suffering from severe nervous conditions.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a Grade II* listed building on 10 June 1952. Until her death in November 2015, Cholmondeley Castle was occupied by his mother, Lavinia.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The house is constructed in sandstone with roofs of slate and lead. It is mainly in two storeys with a basement, and has towers rising to a greater height. The entire building has a battlemented parapet. The entrance front faces west and consists of two three-storey wings in three bays with a single-storey three-bay loggia between them. The windows in the lateral blocks have Gothic-style arches and contain Y-tracery. In the loggia the windows each have two lights under almost circular heads. Above and behind the loggia the upper storeys of the entrance hall also contain Y-tracery. On the right side of the entrance front is a square five-storey tower, which is linked to an octagonal turret containing arrow slits. The garden front, facing east, has octagonal corner turrets between which is a large canted bay window which rises up to form a half-tower. The section to the left of this faces south and is in two storeys with three bays. It contains French windows and windows with trefoil heads containing Y-tracery. There is then a two-storey two-bay section and finally Smirke&#39;s service wing with its large round tower containing arrow slits.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The loggia leads into the double-height entrance hall. This has blind arcades on the side walls. Opposite the entrance is an open arcade leading to a north-south passage. Beyond this is the ante-room with its large, canted bay window. This room has a simple dentil cornice. To the north of it is the dining room with a marble mantlepiece, a cornice decorated with gilded flowers and leaves and, in the ceiling, rosettes with a large central rose with a chandelier. To the south of the ante-room is the drawing room. Here the cornice is decorated with arrows pointing downward and there is a central rose with a chandelier. Leading from the drawing room is the staircase hall with an open-well staircase. The hall is top-lit from a timber lantern and the stairs are in black marble. The wrought iron balustrade on the stairs and landing was made by Robert Bakewell and moved from the Old Hall. The handrail is in rosewood. To the south of the staircase hall is the nursery suite and the library. The Bird Room, between the staircase and the drawing room, contains a collection of muniments. The arrangement of rooms and corridors in the upper rooms is complex. The kitchens and domestic offices are in the basement.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<h3>Chapel</h3><br>
<p>The Grade I listed chapel originated as a timber-framed structure in the 13th century. It was encased in brick and extended in 1717 and further additions were made in 1829 and 1840. It has a slate roof and is in a cruciform plan. Much of its furniture dates from the 17th century. The Cholmondeley family pew is at the west end, in an elevated position.</p><br>
<h3>Gardens and park</h3><br>
<p>The first formal gardens were established in the 17th century by Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley. These were in the French style, containing canals and alleés. The gardens were designed by George London, and included gates and railings by Jean Tijou and statues by Jan van Nost. Following neglect in the 18th century, the 4th Earl employed William Emes to re-model the gardens. Emes converted the formal garden into a landscape park, planting large numbers of trees and creating lakes. Further development of the gardens was carried out by John Webb, a student of Emes, who probably designed the terrace immediately around the house. Since the middle of the 20th century and until her death, the gardens were in the care of Lavinia, the Dowager Marchioness, who improved them and added additional features.</p><br>
<p>The house is surrounded by a terrace, to the south of which are three interlinked gardens: the Silver Garden, the Lily Pool Garden and an area containing a swimming pool. Beyond are lawns, groups of specimen tress and shrubs, gravelled paths and a walled garden. A major feature is the Temple Garden which contains an irregular pool within which are two small islands. On one of the islands is a structure in the form of a temple. At the west end of the garden is a rotunda. To the northwest of the Temple Garden is the Rose Garden. Beyond the gardens is a park, which is mainly grassland with some trees. Features in the park include a ha-ha and two lakes; Chapel Mere and Deer Park Mere. Since 10 June 1985 the gardens and park have been listed as Grade II in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The area covered by the designation amounts to about 240 ha.</p><br>
<h2>Listed buildings</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the house being listed Grade II* and the chapel Grade I, there are other listed structures associated with the house. Richard Bakewell&#39;s screen, standing across the main drive, is listed as Grade II*. All the other listed buildings are designated Grade II. Of these, five are associated with the Temple Garden: the temple itself, the rotunda, the bridge over the pond with its parapets consisting of stone dolphins, a sculpture in lead by van Nost depicting three cherubs, and the gated entrance, possibly by Jean Tijou. The north and south gates of the chapel enclosure, made by Bakewell in 1722 and installed in 1829, are both listed. Of the five lodges associated with the castle, three of them that lie within the grounds are listed: Dee Park Lodge, on the southeast approach to the castle; Park House Lodge, on the north approach; and Somerset Lodge, a gatehouse on the east approach, designed by S. S. Teulon. The other two lodges stand at the entrances to the grounds: Nantwich Lodge, at the original south entrance, and Beeston Lodge, a lodge and gateway at the east approach. The remainiing listed buildings are the reduced and altered remains of the Old Hall, the Mews adapted from the former stables, Park House and Scotch Farm developed from the original stables. A bridge on the east approach to the house is also listed.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The house is not open to visitors but during the summer season the gardens are open to the public. Available facilities include tea rooms, picnic and play areas, and a nature trail. Visitors can see a variety of farm animals in the stables and paddocks. During the summer season a programme of events is organised, including an annual Pageant of Power. Somerset Lodge is available for use as a holiday cottage.</p><br>
<p>Caballo Lake is a reservoir on the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, United States. It is the fourth largest reservoir in New Mexico in terms of surface area and the fifth largest body of water in New Mexico in terms of volume. The lake is in Caballo Lake State Park, which is approximately 16 mi south of Truth or Consequences.</p><br>
<p>The lake is used for recreational activities, such as boating, swimming, waterskiing, and fishing. Fish in the lake include walleye, bass, catfish, crappie, and bluegill.</p><br>
<p>Caballo Lake is also a birdwatching site. Many migratory birds use the lake as a rest stop during their travels, and eagles are often seen in the area.</p><br>
<p>Caballo Lake is named for the Caballo Mountains that border the lake to the northeast, east, and southeast, in which wild horses roamed; Caballo means "horse" in Spanish. The upper area of the lake is very shallow and in recent years has been blocked from the lower, deeper end of the lake. The water has a slightly brownish hue from a distance, due to the shallow waters (usually about 75 ft at the deepest point). The beaches of Caballo are rocky when compared to Elephant Butte Reservoir, but there are many sandy areas. Beware of the whirlpool at the dam, as it can be a hazard.</p><br>
<p>Fort Clark Trading Post State Historic Site was once the home to a Mandan and later an Arikara settlement. Over the course of its history it also had two factories . Today only archeological remains survive at the site located eight miles west of Washburn, North Dakota, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1822, the Mandan tribe built a settlement with earth-covered lodges on the bluffs of the Missouri River. In 1830, a representative of the American Fur Company built Fort Clark Trading Post south of the village. The first steamboat to journey up the upper-Missouri River was the Yellow Stone which arrived in 1832 carrying 1,500 gallons of goods and liquor. George Catlin, Karl Bodmer, and the German Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied all visited the site and stayed the winter of 1832-1833. In 1837, the steamboat St. Peters docked at the village carrying passengers infected with smallpox, and sparking the 1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic. As the disease swept through the village, it wiped out approximately ninety-percent of the inhabitants. In 1838, the nearby Arikara tribe moved into the abandoned village. In 1850, another trading post was built by Charles Primeau. In 1851, a cholera outbreak occurred and then a smallpox outbreak in 1856. When an attack by the Dakota happened in 1861, the fort was permanently abandoned.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>Most of the site has been owned by the state since 1889. A total of 125 acre in two sections of the state historic site were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as Fort Clark Archeological District.</p><br>
<p>More than 2,200 features on the surface from the ruins of houses and graves still exist. Lodge depressions are also visible along with an unmarked cemetery with more than 800 graves. The site is operated by the North Dakota State Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Drosia  is a village in southern Achaea, Greece. Drosia is located at the foot of the Erymanthos mountains, 6 km east of Stavrodromi, and 37 km south of Patras. The population in 2011 was 186 for the village proper and 383 for the community, which includes the villages Kato Drosia, Koumperi and Pteri.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ancient city Eupagion (Ευπάγιον) was located in the area of present Drosia. The revolutionary leaders Konstantinos Giannias and Giorgos Giannias, who fought against the Ottoman Empire, were born in Drosia. Drosia became a part of the municipality of Erymanthia in 1836. It was part of the municipality of Tritaia between 1841 and 1912. It was an independent community between 1912 and 1998, and again part of Tritaia between 1998 and 2011. Since 2011, it is part of the municipality of Erymanthos.</p><br>
<p>The Henry County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located in New Castle, Henry County, Indiana, USA, on the land designated as court house square by the Henry County Commissioners. The Court House was built between 1865-1869 at a cost of $120,000. An annex was added in 1905 at a cost of $44,000.</p><br>
<p>When it was built the commissioners wanted a fireproof courthouse. They did not want to see the courthouse burn again as it had in 1865. Architect Isaac Hodgson provided them with what they wanted, but with a mansard roof and a 110-foot clock tower. The mansard roof was unusual for a midwestern public building in the 1860s. It became popular later, but the Henry County Court House was probably the earliest example of the style for public buildings in the midwest.</p><br>
<p>Henry County claims the distinction of being the Raintree County described in Ross Lockridge, Jr.&#39;s book Raintree County in part because the Henry County Court House is pictured inside the front cover of the book and the book includes references to places in Henry County.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is located in the New Castle Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Charles L. Shrewsbury  house is located at 301 West First Street in Madison, Indiana. It is a private historic house museum. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994. It is located in the Madison Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Charles Shrewsbury House, also known as the Shrewsbury–Windle House, is the 1848 Greek Revival home of Charles Shrewsbury, a salt-barge riverboat captain, flour manufacturer and pork merchant. Shrewsbury was also the mayor of Madison. The house was designed by Francis Costigan. The Shrewsbury house has twelve rooms, thirteen fireplaces and a fifty-three step spiral staircase. The floor to ceiling windows are thirteen feet tall. A man on horseback could easily step through the enormous front door.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians have ranked the house&#39;s free-standing spiral staircase as the most impressive part of the interior. Built of pine stairs and cherry railings, the staircase ascends from the middle of the house, supporting its own weight. Aside from allowing access to the second floor, the staircase helps to cool the house: hot air from the first floor can rise through the stairwell and leave the house through the attic windows.</p><br>
<p>The Tower Hotel is a historic hotel building located on the northeast corner of Eleventh and Jackson Streets in downtown Anderson, Indiana, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name of the building is somewhat of a misnomer as the building never actually functioned as a hotel. If the hotel had opened it would have been part of the Pick-Wenzel chain. The hotel was to feature a complete bakery, a barber shop, a banquet hall, a business center, a large lobby and dining room. The depression struck, the building was up, but the interiors were not completed.</p><br>
<p>The building stood empty for many years, until the Gospel Trumpet bought the building and converted it into apartments.</p><br>
<p>A three story auto hotel was built adjacent to the Tower Hotel. The auto hotel was a business concept that really never became popular, but in addition to offering parking, full maintenance service was offered for the automobile. The auto hotel was torn down in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the Tower Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. which was listed on the National Register in 2006.</p><br>
<p>In late 2011, the owners of the Tower Hotel (then known as Tower Place) were forced to close when maintenance and operation costs became too much to bear. The building sat with its first two levels covered in plywood until February 2013, when it was announced the building would be sold via auction. Initial estimates had the building going for between $200,000 and $250,000. An open house was held the week before the auction to proved potential buyers with a chance to tour the building before bidding.</p><br>
<p>On February 20, 2013, The Tower Hotel was purchased by Russian-born business owner, Youri Frankine for $100,000. In his own words, "I like the property. I want to make it just like it was,”. As for the Towers interior, Mr Frankine said, “I want the apartments to be nice, something to reflect the historic outside look of the building." He hopes the project will revitalize Andersons downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Anderson: A Pictorial History by Esther Dittlinger, copyright 1991, page 61.</p><br>
<p>Lolo Peak  is a mountain in the western United States, in the northern Rocky Mountains. It is located in the Bitterroot Range of western Montana in Missoula County, southwest of Missoula.</p><br>
<p>East of Lolo Pass at the Idaho border, the peak is visible to the south from US 12, which runs between the pass and Traveler&#39;s Rest in the town of Lolo.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name "Lolo" probably evolved from "Lou-Lou," a pronunciation of "Lawrence," a French-Canadian fur trapper killed by a grizzly bear and buried at Grave Creek. The first written evidence of the name "Lolo" appears in 1831 when Hudson&#39;s Bay Company fur trader John Work refers in his journal to Lolo Creek as "Lou Lou."</p><br>
<p>In an 1853 railroad survey and map, Lieutenant John Mullan spelled the creek and trail "Lou Lou." However, by 1865 the name was shortened to Lolo and is currently the name of a national forest, town, creek, mountain peak, mountain pass, and historic trail in west central Montana.</p><br>
<p>The Anderson Bank Building is a historic bank building located at Anderson, Indiana in the United States. It was built for the Anderson Banking Company in 1928. The bank building is located at 931 Meridan Street. The Anderson Banking Company began business on January 30, 1890. It was the only bank in Anderson to survive the Great Depression without closing. In 1985, the bank was acquired by Merchants National Corporation of Indianapolis. In 1991 Merchants National Corporation was acquired by National City Bank. National City Bank still operates a branch in the Anderson Bank Building.</p><br>
<p>The art deco details at the exterior street level and in the main banking lobby have been obliterated. The buildings main architectural interest lies in the still existent art deco detailing in the buildings elevator lobby and upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Bregalnica  is the second largest river in the Republic of Macedonia. It starts as a spring near the mountain city of Berovo and it passes near the cities of Makedonska Kamenica, Kočani, Vinica and Štip, before joining the river Vardar on its way to the Aegean Sea. Recent issues have concentrated around the pollution of the river, as many of the factories located in the cities through which it passes used it as a dumping ground for waste waters, which is further aggravated with the pesticide-treated waters of the extensive rice fields near the city of Kočani. It was the place of Battle of Bregalnica.</p><br>
<h2>The Bregalnica watershed</h2><br>
<p>The Bregalnica watershed as defined by the in 2013 comprises a territory of 4&#39;307 km, which is approximately 21% of the Vardar watershed in Macedonia and about 17% of the overall territory of the country. The Bregalnica watershed borders with Bulgaria in the east, Strumica River catchment in the south, Pcunja River in the north, and Vardar River in the west. The average altitude of the Bregalnica watershed is 722 m a.s.l. The Bregalnica river catchment encompasses the territory of the whole East Planning Region. This includes the municipalities of Berovo, Češinovo-Obleševo, Delčevo, Karbinci, Makedonska Kamenica, Kočani, Pehčevo, Probištip, Štip, Vinica and Zrnovci. It also includes almost the complete territories of Lozovo and Sveti Nikole municipalities (Vardar Region), of Konče Municipality (South-Eastern Region), and a significant portion of the territory of the Kratovo Municipality (25%). Even though the Bregalnica catchment boundary mainly coincides with the municipal boundaries, minor parts of the territory of Radoviš, Negotino, Gradsko, Veles, Kumanovo and Kriva Palanka fall into it as well.</p><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>In terms of geology, the eastern part of Macedonia including the Bregalnica basin belongs to the Rodopic system (Serbian-Macedonian massif) containing mostly crystallized shales and granites. The formation of these mountains occurred in the Paleozoic, with faults introduced later in the Tertiary. Nowadays, the watershed is characterized by a very varied relief structure, which includes plains, valleys, hilly areas, and mountainous areas.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The climate in the Bregalnica catchment is relatively arid, falling predominantly into the modified-continental climate type. Summers are long and dry, often with temperatures as high as +41 °C, together with mild and wet winters. Rarely, temperatures can get as low as -22 °C in winter. The average mean annual temperature in the plains is 12.9 °C, and in higher parts, such as Maleshevo around 8.7 °C. The average annual precipitation in the region varies between 506 Millimeters in Kochansko Pole and 672 mm in Maleshevo. Rainfall is maximal in the months of April and May, and minimal in the summer months of July and August. Snow may fall from December until March.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and fauna</h3><br>
<p>Specific climatic conditions, as well as the geological diversity in the region, create conditions for a heterogeneous natural vegetation and differentiation of altitude belts. The region is home to multiple plant communities. The abundance of forests in the region is linked to 25 different tree species, with multiple subspecies. The forests have an important function in increasing water storage and reducing soil erosion as well as in maintaining biological diversity. The total forested area in the catchment is 1&#39;157 km or around 27% of the territory of the region.</p><br>
<p>There exists a great variety of animal species in the region, comprising amphibians, reptiles, insects, birds and mammals. The group of birds and mammals form numerous associations with a large number of individual animals that can be found from the lowest to the highest altitudes. In the forests, the fauna is particularly rich.</p><br>
<h3>Resources</h3><br>
<p>The region is rich in mineral resources, including important lead–zinc mines in Zletovo, Dobrevo and Makedonska Kamenica. The presence of copper and iron-titanium minerals has been established in the Osogovo massif. On the territory of Delcevo, gold deposits as well as alluvial gold in river deposits from the Bregalnica river have been found. Finally, there is a major copper mine (the Bucim) near Radoviš.</p><br>
<h3>Demography</h3><br>
<p>In the country context, the region is relatively sparsely populated with around 50.6 inhabitants per km, compared to 82.7 in Macedonia. The average age is 40 years, which is higher than the national average. The education level is average as for the country. The unemployment rate is lower than the national average (18.5%). The net average salary in 2012 is the lowest in the country (MKD 14&#39;957 per month), at 71.6% of the national average. Over the last two decades, a lack of higher education employment opportunities in most rural settlements resulted in a population migration to the towns and abroad. The main economic activities in the region are mining and industry, followed by services, trade and agriculture.</p><br>
<h2>The Bregalnica River</h2><br>
<p>The total length of the Bregalnica River is 211.5 km and the surface of the water bodies is around 7.8 square kilometers. The Bregalnica river has 6 tributaries on the left side (Ratevska, Osojnica, Zrnovska, Kozjacka, Otinja, and Lakavica) and 6 tributaries on the right side (Zelevica, Kamenicka, Orizarska, Kocanska, Zletovica and Svetinikolska). Along the river, 6 major reservoirs have been constructed: Lake Berovsko/Ratevsko, Kalimanci, Gradce, Zletovsko Ezero/Knezevo, Mantovo and Mavrovica.</p><br>
<p>The source of the river is located in the forests of the Maleševo Mountains, close to the border of Bulgaria, east of the city of Berovo, in an altitude of around 1690 m a.s.l. The Bregalnica River leads into the Vardar river on an altitude of 137 m a.s.l., close to the village of Gradsko.</p><br>
<p>Bregalnica_river_002.JPGRiver Bregalnica close to Vinica</p><br>
<p>Bregalnica River.JPGBregalnica River near the village of Todorovci, close to Lake Kalimanci</p><br>
<p>Novo Selo od Isarot 01.JPGBregalnica and Novo Selo Village</p><br>
<p>Bregalnica_river_003.JPGBregalnica close to Kočani and Zrnovci</p><br>
<p>Bregalnica_river_004.JPGBregalnica close to Kočani and Zrnovci</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>The main source of pollution in the Bregalnica river basin (Bregalnica, Zletovska, and Kriva rivers) based on data collected in 2012 is waste water discharges, both from industries and households. Some of the industries have wastewater treatment plants. However, much urban waste water are released untreated. Although there are seven urban waste water treatment plants in the whole river basin, only one is operational.</p><br>
<p>Most of the urban waste water discharges occur into small streams with low flow and consequently, low capacity for self-cleansing. There are several mid-size industrial enterprises performing different activities: pig and poultry farming, food processing, metal processing and finishing, production and finishing of textiles, construction and wood industries, production of ceramics and production of chemicals. A minor point-source pressure is fish farming. From these industrial activities, metal processing and leather and textile industries are major sources of pollutants. Several mines exist with direct waste water discharges to water courses, containing such heavy metals from active lead and zinc mines in Zletovo and Toranica.</p><br>
<p>The pressures associated with diffuse pollution are important throughout the basin due to the high density of both agricultural lands and livestock farming occurring in certain areas in the basin. Livestock farming includes pig farms and poultry, with the dung spread directly to the land. Another main issue concerning diffuse pollution is the existence of several mines throughout the basin. Although some of them have direct discharges in water courses, the metals contained in the soils extracted can also reach surface waters through runoff. Finally, the disposal of solid wastes and wastes from agricultural activity in the river banks is another pressure that significantly contributes to the organic pollution of the water.</p><br>
<h2>The Bregalnica River Basin Management Project</h2><br>
<h3>Macedonian Water Law</h3><br>
<p>In 2004, Macedonia submitted an application to become EU member. To prepare EU membership, Macedonia has to implement EU compatible legislations. An important step towards this target was done in 2008 with the approval of the new Macedonian Water Law, which introduces the River Basin Management (RBM) approach in line with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). To bring forward the implementation of the new Macedonian Water Law and the RBM approach, the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (MAFWE) started in 2012 a collaboration with the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO).</p><br>
<h3>Actors</h3><br>
<p>MOEPP, MAFWE and SECO selected the Bregalnica river basin as pilot region to apply the RBM approach. The project started in July 2012 and is co-financed by SECO, MOEPP, MAFWE, and the municipalities of the Bregalnica region. The project is carried out by a team of national and international experts, supported by a Steering Committee, a Bregalnica RBM Advisory Council, and a Bregalnica Basin Planning Group. The latter comes in the form of several rounds of sub-regional workshops, each time carried out in three sub-regions (i.e. Upper Bregalnica, Middle Bregalnica and Lower Bregalnica).</p><br>
<h3>Objectives</h3><br>
<p>The main objective of the project is the sustainable management of the water resources in the Bregalnica river basin, by this promoting the economic development of the region, stimulating industry, agriculture and tourism. The enforcement of the Macedonian water law through the project should bring about the improvement of the water and sanitation services in the Bregalnica River Basin.</p><br>
<p>The project is divided into the following two components:</p><br>
<p>The Bregalnica River Basin Management (RBM) Plan, comprising the analysis of the current and future situation of the water resources and demand in the Bregalnica region, the identification of possible conflicts and the identification of improvement measurements. Additionally it comprehends the definition and putting into operation of the necessary organizational structures.</p><br>
<p>The Small Water Infrastructure (SWI) Projects, comprising the establishment and operation of an investment fund to provide financing for small water infrastructure projects, including support to the municipalities of the Bregalnica river basin in the planning, tender de-sign, contracting and implementation of the projects.</p><br>
<p>The Kirov Islands or Sergey Kirov Islands  is an island group in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation. It is an archipelago of small islands covered with tundra vegetation located about 140 km from the coast of Siberia and 100 km to the northwest of the Nordenskiöld Archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>This archipelago, as well as Kirov Island, its northernmost island which is located at the northeastern end somewhat detached from the main island cluster, is named after Joseph Stalin&#39;s politburo member Sergey Kirov. All islands are quite flat, mostly with sandy spits and coastal lagoons in their shores.</p><br>
<p>The groups largest island is Isachenko (Oстров Исаченко), named after Boris Lavrentevich Isachenko Russian microbiologist and botanist of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. It has a surface of 180.6 km² and the highest point in the archipelago. There is an experiment station (Polyarnaya Stantsiya) on Isachenko Island.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Kirov Islands is covered with pack ice with some polynias in the winter and there are many ice floes even in the summer. The strait between Isachenko and Slozhnyy Island is known as Proliv Aeros”yëmki.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. They are also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve (Большой Арктический государственный природный заповедник), the largest nature reserve of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The Kirov Archipelago is not to be confused with Kirovskiye Ostrova (Кировские Острова), a historic district of Saint Petersburg formed by a group of three coastal islands in the Gulf of Finland north of the Neva river delta.</p><br>
<p>The Zveroboy Islands  is a group consisting of a large island  and a few scattered small islets. The main island is 17 km in length. It is covered with tundra vegetation and has a lake.</p><br>
<p>This island group is located in the Pyasino Gulf, in the Kara Sea, northeast of Dikson, off the coast of Siberia.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Zveroboy Islands is covered with pack ice with some polynias in the winter and there are many ice floes even in the summer.</p><br>
<p>The climate in the area is Arctic, with long bitter winters and a short warmer period which barely allows the ice to melt.</p><br>
<p>These islands belong to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The Zveroboy group is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>Sverdrup Island or Svordrup Island  is an isolated island in the southern region of the Kara Sea. This island is covered with tundra vegetation. It is located 120 km north of Dikson on the Siberian coast. The nearest land mass is the Arkticheskiy Institut Islands, about 90 km to the northeast. The island has a wide bay opening towards the west. Its length is 15 km and its maximum width 10 km.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding Sverdrup Island is covered with pack ice with some polynias in the long winter and there are many ice floes even in the summer. This Russian island should not be confused with the Sverdrup Islands, an archipelago of the northern Queen Elizabeth Islands, in Nunavut, Canada. Both, however, are named after Norwegian polar explorer, Otto Sverdrup.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Sverdrup Island belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. It is also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve – the largest nature reserve of Russia and one of the biggest in the world.</p><br>
<p>Voronina Island or Voronina Islands  is an isolated two-island group composed of a larger island and a narrow island on its northern side separated by a 3 km wide sound.</p><br>
<p>The main Voronina Island is about 9 km long and 6 km wide and is covered with tundra vegetation and ice. The northern islet is narrow, about 5 km in length and little more than 500 metres in width. These islands are located in the northeastern regions of the Kara Sea, about 130 km west of Severnaya Zemlya&#39;s shores and 72 km NNE of Kirova Island of the Kirov group.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding these lonely two islands is covered with pack ice in the winter and there are numerous ice floes even in the summer, which lasts barely two months. The climate is so severe that there are years where at Voronina Island&#39;s latitude the surrounding waters of the Kara Sea don&#39;t melt and remain frozen solid through the summer.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. Voronina is also a breeding ground for polar bears and a wildlife refuge part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of the Russian Arctic.</p><br>
<p>The Voronina Islands have been named after Soviet Navy Captain Vladimir Voronin. Since "Voronina" is a Russian genitive, the combination "Voronina Islands" is technically incorrect. Even so, the name "Voronina Island" (or "Islands") has become popular and its use has been widespread in this manner for many decades and in many modern maps and atlases. "Voronin Islands", which would be the grammatically correct way of naming these islands in English, is very rarely used.</p><br>
<p>Sibiryakov Island or Sibiryakow Island , also known as Kuz&#39;kin Island , is an island of 800 km&sup2;. Its length is 38 km and its maximum width 27 km. It is covered with tundra vegetation.</p><br>
<p>This island is located in the Kara Sea, off the northern end of the estuary of the Yenisei river, at just 35 km from the nearest coast.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding Sibiryakov Island is covered with pack ice in the winter and there are numerous ice floes even in the summer. The strait between Sibiryakov Island and the mainland is known as Vostochnyy Proliv.</p><br>
<p>This island belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. It is also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>This island is named after Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Sibiryakov, an Imperial Russian gold-mine proprietor. Sibiryakov financed explorations to Siberia, such as Nordenskiöld&#39;s, and also took part in some expeditions of his own.</p><br>
<h2>Adjacent islands</h2><br>
<p>12 km off Sibiryakov Island&#39;s northern cape lies a narrow and curved group of three islands known as Nosok Island (Остров Носок; Ostrov Nosok).</p><br>
